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Exam 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically

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Question 91

Multiple Choice

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A sample in a survey should accurately reflect the important characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.For example,if a certain population has 53% women and the sample has 53% women,then the sample is said to be a:

A) random sample.
B) representative sample.
C) random assignment.
D) select sample.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Question 92

Multiple Choice

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Dringenberg et al.'s experiment at Queen's University using pregnant guinea pigs to establish a causal relationship between fetal alcohol exposure and later neurological and behavioural deficits was limited in that:

A) the guinea pig offspring were not randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.
B) humans react differently to alcohol than guinea pigs do.
C) results from experiments on guinea pigs may not generalize to humans.
D) there was no control for the gender of the guinea pigs and alcohol absorption.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 93

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One of the main differences between correlational and experimental research is that most _________ research tends to take place in the laboratory,while the majority of ___________ research is conducted in more natural settings.

A researcher is interested in studying what factors influence interpersonal attraction.In a study designed to explore this variable,the researcher uses a very attractive person for an assistant.Interpersonal attraction is then assessed by whether the people participating in the study call up the attractive assistant to ask the person on a date.In this example,the means used to assess interpersonal attraction would be considered a(n) :

Internal validity represents the degree to which:

An ethical guideline that refers to how participants should be given full descriptions about the procedures involved in a study and told that they are free to withdraw from a study at any time is called _______________:

One of the essential differences between experimental research and correlational research is that:

The ethical guideline of informed consent specifically asserts that:

Brain imaging technology is generally used to explore the following:

When the experimenter's subtle or unintentional behaviours influence the behaviour of participants in his/her experiment,these are called demand characteristics.

Dr.Davis is planning a study on the effect of rewards on the academic achievement of young children.For his study,Dr.Davis decides to use white,male children from an upper-class neighborhood.Having taken an introductory psychology course,you can see that Dr.Davis is going to have some problems because he won't necessarily be able to apply his results to girls or to students of other demographics.This particular problem substantially weakens the ___________ of Dr.Davis's study.

Dr.Johns found that as the temperature increased,his dogs romped around the yard less and less.This is an example of a _____________ correlation.

Which of the following is a Canadian Psychological Association guideline on animal research?

Susan is interested in whether or not college students are prejudiced against elderly people.She had students come into the lab and view faces of people,making judgments about the emotion displayed by each face.Susan tells participants they are working on an emotion recognition experiment; however she is actually measuring the number of negative emotions assigned to the elderly faces.Susan's proposed research involves which of the following violations of the ethical standards in human research?

Researchers often manipulate more than one independent variable in experiments because it better captures the complexity of human behaviour.

A psychologist notes that there is a correlation between physical health and the number of vacations that a person takes.People who take more vacations tend to have better physical health.After thinking about this result,you realize that this association may be due to a third factor: income.People with more income can afford more vacations and can afford better health care.Your explanation for this is most consistent with which limitation of correlational research?

A statistic that indicates the strength and direction of a relation between two variables is a ________________.

In Dringenberg et al.'s study examining the effect of fetal alcohol exposure on intellectual development,fetal alcohol exposure would be considered the _____________ variable.

As an alternative to random assignment,researchers will sometimes design experiments where each participant is exposed to all conditions or groups in an experiment.This second procedure controls for differences between individual participants by:

Assume that there is a strong negative correlation between two variables: variable 1 and variable 2.If you know that a person's score on variable 1 is low,what would be your best prediction for the person's score on variable 2?