Question 1

A teenage driver who has a fender bender while texting learns to discontinue his habit of texting while driving.In this case,his fender bender is a

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer.
B)  positive punishment.
C)  negative reinforcer.
D)  negative punishment.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

The desire to perform a behavior to gain a reward or to avoid punishment involves

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning.
B)  extrinsic motivation.
C)  classical conditioning.
D)  a fixed-interval t schedule.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

A child who is punished for swearing at home but not for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  shaping.
C)  discrimination.
D)  extinction.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Biological constraints predispose organisms to most readily learn behaviors favored by

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsic motivation.
B)  cognitive maps.
C)  natural selection.
D)  fixed-interval reinforcement schedules.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called

Accepted Answer

A)  associative behaviors.
B)  respondent behaviors.
C)  operant behaviors.
D)  unconditioned responses.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  specified time period has elapsed.
B)  unpredictable time period has elapsed.
C)  specified number of responses have been made.
D)  unpredictable number of responses have been made.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent behavior.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  secondary reinforcement.
D)  spontaneous recovery.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Associative learning is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

A)  immediate gratification.
B)  unconditioned responses.
C)  positive punishment.
D)  classical and operant conditioning.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher;less
B)  lower;more
C)  higher;more
D)  lower;lessE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

An increase in the frequency of voluntary behavior followed by reinforcement most clearly involves

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation.
B)  operant behavior.
C)  observational learning.
D)  spontaneous recovery.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a

Accepted Answer

A)  reward.
B)  habit.
C)  stimulus.
D)  operant.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)  operant behavior.
B)  extinction.
C)  discrimination.
D)  spontaneous recovery.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle.The sound is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response.
B)  generalization.
C)  acquisition.
D)  stimulus.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  negative punishment.
D)  positive punishment.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus was challenged by

Accepted Answer

A)  Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversion in rats.
B)  Pavlov's findings on the conditioned salivary response.
C)  Watson and Rayner's findings on fear conditioning in infants.
D)  Bandura's findings on observational learning and aggression in children.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform,3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress.Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  operant behavior.
B)  generalization.
C)  an unconditioned response.
D)  spontaneous recovery.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

Accepted Answer

A)  two responses.
B)  two stimuli.
C)  two reinforcers.
D)  behaviors and their consequences.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

We are especially likely to vicariously experience the reinforcing outcomes of those we perceive as

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsically motivated.
B)  antisocial models.
C)  latent learners.
D)  similar to ourselves.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Accepted Answer

A)  negative punishment.
B)  positive punishment.
C)  negative reinforcement.
D)  positive reinforcement.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

An odor is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Accepted Answer

A)  after an appropriate UR.
B)  after an appropriate US.
C)  before an appropriate UR.
D)  before an appropriate US.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 6: Learning

The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a conditioned stimulus was challenged by

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Any event or situation that evokes a response is a

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Associative learning is best illustrated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform,3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress.Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We are especially likely to vicariously experience the reinforcing outcomes of those we perceive as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A teenage driver who has a fender bender while texting learns to discontinue his habit of texting while driving.In this case,his fender bender is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant response rates tend to be ________ when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be ________ consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An odor is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer.This best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother.This best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biological constraints predispose organisms to most readily learn behaviors favored by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The desire to perform a behavior to gain a reward or to avoid punishment involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in the frequency of voluntary behavior followed by reinforcement most clearly involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant conditioning involves a learned association between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child who is punished for swearing at home but not for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle.The sound is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Operant response rates tend to be when linked to a ratio schedule rather than an interval schedule.Operant response rates tend to be consistent when linked to a variable schedule rather than a fixed schedule.

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