Question 1

Which of the following statements about correlational research is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It enables prediction of one variable given knowledge of the other.
B)   It specifies the cause-effect relationship among variables.
C)   It can only be carried out in controlled laboratory settings.
D)   All of these choices.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

To achieve a representative sample of adult Canadians' views on gun registration, which of the following strategies should you pursue?

Accepted Answer

A)   Survey the attitudes of 1,000 adults in Ontario and 1,000 adults in Alberta.
B)   Survey the attitudes of 1,000 adults in each province and territory.
C)   Place ads in all major newspapers asking Canadians to call and give their views.
D)   Randomly select a large sample of adult Canadians to survey.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

A researcher finds that university students wash their hands on the average of three times a day. She concludes that an educational program is necessary to encourage more frequent hand washing by those who wash their hands less than once a day. The researcher is probably guilty of

Accepted Answer

A)   hindsight bias.
B)   the "I knew it all along" phenomenon.
C)   illusory correlation.
D)   the naturalistic fallacy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

A researcher finds that higher social status is associated with greater health. What could explain this positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Having a high social status leads to better health.
B)   Being in good health allows one to achieve higher social status.
C)   Other facts like family background may contribute to a greater likelihood of having good health and high status.
D)   All of these choices.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The great disadvantage of correlational research is that

Accepted Answer

A)   it does not allow us to examine factors like race and social status.
B)   knowing that two variables change together does not allow us to predict one when we know the other.
C)   it rules out consideration of confounding variables.
D)   it does not specify cause and effect.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

When the laboratory experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations, the experiment is said to be high in

Accepted Answer

A)   mundane realism.
B)   experimental realism.
C)   quality control.
D)   situational validity.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Base upon the results of their study, Leary and Baumeister (2000)  argued that the basis of our self-esteem is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   how well we cope with rejection.
B)   how frightening or intimidating we can make others feel.
C)   how competent we are in our job.
D)   how accepted we feel by others.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the major themes in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   Social influences shape our behaviour.
B)   Social intuitions are often incorrect but powerful.
C)   Social behaviour is biologically rooted.
D)   Relating to others is a basic need.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Hindsight bias can explain why

Accepted Answer

A)   you really passed an exam when you thought had failed it.
B)   you knew the course material as the exam was being taken up in class.
C)   you remembered the course material better after you had written the exam.
D)   you only remembered the course material until you wrote the exam, then promptly forgot most of it.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

The ethical principles developed by major psychological organizations dictate that potential research participants should be told enough about the experiment to

Accepted Answer

A)   make inaccurate guesses about its true purpose.
B)   accurately perceive demand characteristics.
C)   be able to give their informed consent.
D)   detect the researcher's hidden values.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following questions is not likely to be addressed by social psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)   Are our social beliefs self-fulfilling?
B)   In what ways do other people influence our attitudes and actions?
C)   What situations trigger people to be helpful or greedy?
D)   Is human development a continuous process or does it proceed through a series of stages?E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

A researcher is interested in learning whether young people whose fathers are absent from the home are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviour. She compares the arrest rates of boys whose fathers are absent with those of boys whose fathers are present in the home. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a correlational study.
B)   an experimental study.
C)   a field experiment.
D)   a self-report study.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Which research method have social psychologists used in about three-fourths of their studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational
B)   experimental
C)   survey
D)   naturalistic observationE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 14

Manipulating one or two factors while holding others constant is the essence of

Accepted Answer

A)   independent variables.
B)   dependent variables.
C)   experimental control.
D)   random sampling.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Ann Landers' 1984 survey of women readers' opinions about romantic affection and sex was probably

Accepted Answer

A)   not valid because it did not include men.
B)   flawed because it was not representative of the population.
C)   worthless because the sample size was too small.
D)   as valid and informative as other, more "scientific" surveys.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Research on the wording of survey questions suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   how questions are framed influence how they are answered.
B)   how questions are framed have very little influence on how they are answered.
C)   wording is an unimportant element of survey research.
D)   framing the questions differently will not influence apparent public opinion.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Research has shown that tall grave markers (a status symbol)  are

Accepted Answer

A)   the cause of longevity.
B)   unrelated to longevity.
C)   positively correlated with longevity.
D)   negatively correlated with longevity.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Amy reads a research article and feels like it didn't tell her anything she didn't already know. However, when asked to guess the results of another experiment before reading it, she cannot. Amy's experience illustrates the

Accepted Answer

A)   hindsight bias.
B)   foresight bias.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   correspondence bias.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Values can subtly influence science by guiding

Accepted Answer

A)   scientists' assumptions and preconceptions.
B)   the labels scientists use for their concepts.
C)   scientists' thoughts about what ought to be.
D)   All of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Compared with ______, social psychology focuses less on differences among individuals, and more on how individuals, in general, view and affect one another.

Accepted Answer

A)   sociology.
B)   clinical psychology.
C)   personality psychology.
D)   cultural psychology.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 1: Introducing Social Psychology

Ann Landers' 1984 survey of women readers' opinions about romantic affection and sex was probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ethical principles developed by major psychological organizations dictate that potential research participants should be told enough about the experiment to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher finds that higher social status is associated with greater health. What could explain this positive correlation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which research method have social psychologists used in about three-fourths of their studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Manipulating one or two factors while holding others constant is the essence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the wording of survey questions suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The great disadvantage of correlational research is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about correlational research is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hindsight bias can explain why

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Values can subtly influence science by guiding

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following questions is not likely to be addressed by social psychologists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher finds that university students wash their hands on the average of three times a day. She concludes that an educational program is necessary to encourage more frequent hand washing by those who wash their hands less than once a day. The researcher is probably guilty of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Base upon the results of their study, Leary and Baumeister (2000) argued that the basis of our self-esteem is the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is interested in learning whether young people whose fathers are absent from the home are more likely to engage in delinquent behaviour. She compares the arrest rates of boys whose fathers are absent with those of boys whose fathers are present in the home. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with ______, social psychology focuses less on differences among individuals, and more on how individuals, in general, view and affect one another.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has shown that tall grave markers (a status symbol) are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amy reads a research article and feels like it didn't tell her anything she didn't already know. However, when asked to guess the results of another experiment before reading it, she cannot. Amy's experience illustrates the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the laboratory experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations, the experiment is said to be high in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not one of the major themes in social psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To achieve a representative sample of adult Canadians' views on gun registration, which of the following strategies should you pursue?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified