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Exam 5: Learning

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Bethany wants to play baseball like her older brothers. Bethany watches them play for hours and is gradually learning how to play by studying what they do. This could be called __________

A) the modeling effect.
B) the disinhibitory effect.
C) the learning effect.
D) classical conditioning.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 2

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The fact that apes are just as afraid of snakes as humans suggests a biological predisposition to develop fearful responses.

A) True
B) False

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Question 3

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In Pavlov's original experiment of classical conditioning, dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell when the bell was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food. The food is referred to as the unconditioned response.

Which of the following is most often confused?

In operant conditioning, learning occurs when a behavior is modified by the consequences that follow the behavior.

In the study done by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner the unconditioned stimulus was__________

Sarah has learned to ignore her parents the first few times they tell her that it's bedtime. James has learned to respond to his parents the first time they mention bedtime. Both sets of parents punish their children for disobedience, but James parents tend to punish much more quickly than do Sarah's parents. The difference between Sarah's and James' responses to their parents is probably due to __________

Although Ivan Pavlov introduced the concept of classical conditioning, __________ is largely responsible for changing how psychologists view classical conditioning.

In what ways might higher-order conditioning explain why some words trigger emotional responses in us? (a) Give an example of a positive response that could be formed through higher-order conditioning. (b) Give an example of a negative response that could be formed through higher-order conditioning. (c) In what ways might higher-order conditioning contribute to racism and prejudice?

When Pavlov observed that his dogs would salivate at the sound of rattling food dishes, he called these learned involuntary responses__________

Ivan Pavlov purposefully set out to study learning in dogs when he discovered what is now called classical conditioning.

Which of the following is NOT a cognitive process?

In Pavlov's original experiment, dogs heard a tone and then had meat powder placed in their mouths, which caused them to salivate. After many pairings of the tone and meat powder, they would salivate when the tone was presented alone. In this case salivating to the tone is an example of __________

Edward Thorndike's law of effect formed the conceptual structure of __________

The mental representation of the layout of a college campus represents __________

Pouncer, a hunting dog, gets excited at any opportunity to go hunting. Pouncer's handlers always wear bright orange clothes while hunting for safety reasons. However, they have noticed recently that a red sweatshirt that one of them wears often makes Pouncer get excited and bark. Pouncer's actions are likely a result of __________

A Congressional hearing is taking place in Washington, DC. The representatives are discussing whether the portrayals of violence on children's TV shows are perhaps contributing to the violence we see in schools today. The work of what psychologist is most relevant to their discussions?

Give an example of each of the four schedules of partial reinforcement, and comment on which schedule would be most likely to result in lasting behavioral change.

Every time Maricella goes to work in the morning, she notices that her dog sulks in the corner of the room and looks very sad. Over several weeks, she notices that the dog gets unhappy when she picks up her car keys, immediately before leaving the house. Which phenomenon of learning best describes the dog's behavior?

Explain the concept of conditioned taste aversions and how it might be applied to people undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatments for cancer.