Question 1

Empirical reasoning is used when we want to explain, predict, or control what natural phenomena? How does this work?

Accepted Answer

Explanation helps us understand why even...

Question 2

If the advantage of creating specific conditions in the lab is that potential influences of extraneous factors can be reduced, what is the drawback of doing that?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is more expensive than doing field work.
B)   Conditions in the field are radically different.
C)   It makes the findings more justified because of the controls put in place in the lab.
D)   It makes the findings less generalizable because fewer controls are in place in the field.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

The hypotheses, which we seek to support or to disconfirm by empirical reasoning are intended to __________ and to predict phenomena.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hypotheses, which we seek to support...

Question 4

When applied to empirical reasoning the Test of the Truthfulness of the Premises is partly ensured by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   citation of credible experts
B)   accuracy of the measurements made and the descriptions of the investigatory conditions
C)   mutual trust and scientific consensus achieved at professional meetings
D)   reliance on comparative reasoning to suggest productive models and hypotheses
E)   the use of statistical analyses and the steps in the scientific research designF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Characterizing empirical reasoning as self-corrective means that the conclusions reached using empirical reasoning ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   can be revised in the light of new findings
B)   are not reliable
C)   cannot be mistaken
D)   can be corrected to fit with political or religious beliefsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

As Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins said, science is "what separates us from other _________."

Accepted Answer

The answer of As Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins said,...

Question 7

What is the purpose of running a pilot project when engaging in scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A pilot project's purpose is to test the...

Question 8

Which of the following statements about empirical reasoning is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the same as comparative reasoning.
B)   It is useful for determining what our beliefs imply.
C)   It is the same as ideological reasoning.
D)   It seeks evidence to support or disconfirm hypotheses.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Empirical reasoning is a process of thinking that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   begins with an expression of core values or beliefs
B)   begins with a hypothesis that is then tested scientifically
C)   begins with a helpful comparison that is simple and familiar
D)   begins with the evaluation of the speaker's credibilityE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Saying that empirical reasoning is open to independent verification means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the data and results of statistical tests can be scrutinized by the entire scientific community
B)   the data and results of statistical tests can be published
C)   scientific findings can be adjusted to accommodate sincere religious convictions
D)   scientific findings often must be corrected by independent non-scientistsE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

When applied to empirical reasoning the Test of Relevance is partly addressed by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   citation of credible experts
B)   accuracy of the measurements made and the descriptions of the investigatory conditions
C)   mutual trust and scientific consensus achieved at professional meetings
D)   reliance on comparative reasoning to suggest productive models and hypotheses
E)   the identification of relevant factors, which is part of the scientific research designF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Suppose that a scientific research team was able to show empirically that there was less than 1 chance in 10,000 that its findings were mistaken. In such a case we could say that the findings ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   were certainly true
B)   were very probably true
C)   had 50/50 chance of being true
D)   open to reasonable doubtE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Our capacity to anticipate what comes next and then to devise ways to affect the outcomes of events and processes is absolutely fundamental to our survival as a species and to our current planetary dominance. We look for cause-and-effect relationships to explain, and hence to predict and control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

All things considered, what are the relative strengths and weaknesses of comparative, ideological, and empirical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Comparative reasoning is powerfully pers...

Question 15

What is the scientific investigator's thinking and argument making responsibility when conducting the appropriate analyses of the data?

Accepted Answer

Demonstrate that the interpret...

Question 16

The empirical reasoning process of gathering data and applying the appropriate analyses in order to discover whether a hypothesis is false is called ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The empirical reasoning process of gathering data...

Question 17

What is the scientific investigator's thinking and argument making responsibility when making each factor measurable?

Accepted Answer

Justify the chosen measure of ...

Question 18

Which of the following does not primarily depend upon empirical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)   The discovery that Ebola, although highly contagious, could be medically managed.
B)   The discovery that talking, reading, and singing to children from their earliest years is positively correlated with higher levels of academic success as the children grow up.
C)   The inference that because empirical reasoning can never yield absolute certainty it is not capable of demonstrating the meaning of life.
D)   The development of genetically modified plants and animals.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Explain why demonstrating that the null hypothesis is false does not make the opposite true.

Accepted Answer

Normally, science proceeds by ruling thi...

Question 20

Why does empirical inquiry proceed by disconfirmation-looking for what is not the case? Why not focus primarily, if not exclusively, on confirmation?

Accepted Answer

Empirical confirmation reasons using the...

Exam 14: Empirical Reasoning

When applied to empirical reasoning the Test of the Truthfulness of the Premises is partly ensured by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the purpose of running a pilot project when engaging in scientific inquiry?

Correct AnswerverifiedA pilot project's purpose is to test the...View AnswerShow Answer

When applied to empirical reasoning the Test of Relevance is partly addressed by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Empirical reasoning is a process of thinking that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Saying that empirical reasoning is open to independent verification means that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the advantage of creating specific conditions in the lab is that potential influences of extraneous factors can be reduced, what is the drawback of doing that?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose that a scientific research team was able to show empirically that there was less than 1 chance in 10,000 that its findings were mistaken. In such a case we could say that the findings ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypotheses, which we seek to support or to disconfirm by empirical reasoning are intended to __________ and to predict phenomena.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does empirical inquiry proceed by disconfirmation-looking for what is not the case? Why not focus primarily, if not exclusively, on confirmation?

Correct AnswerverifiedEmpirical confirmation reasons using the...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain why demonstrating that the null hypothesis is false does not make the opposite true.

Correct AnswerverifiedNormally, science proceeds by ruling thi...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following does not primarily depend upon empirical reasoning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As Dallas County Judge Clay Jenkins said, science is "what separates us from other _________."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The empirical reasoning process of gathering data and applying the appropriate analyses in order to discover whether a hypothesis is false is called ___________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All things considered, what are the relative strengths and weaknesses of comparative, ideological, and empirical reasoning?

Correct AnswerverifiedComparative reasoning is powerfully pers...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements about empirical reasoning is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the scientific investigator's thinking and argument making responsibility when conducting the appropriate analyses of the data?

Correct AnswerverifiedDemonstrate that the interpret...View AnswerShow Answer

Our capacity to anticipate what comes next and then to devise ways to affect the outcomes of events and processes is absolutely fundamental to our survival as a species and to our current planetary dominance. We look for cause-and-effect relationships to explain, and hence to predict and control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the scientific investigator's thinking and argument making responsibility when making each factor measurable?

Correct AnswerverifiedJustify the chosen measure of ...View AnswerShow Answer

Empirical reasoning is used when we want to explain, predict, or control what natural phenomena? How does this work?

Correct AnswerverifiedExplanation helps us understand why even...View AnswerShow Answer

Characterizing empirical reasoning as self-corrective means that the conclusions reached using empirical reasoning ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A pilot project's purpose is to test the...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Empirical confirmation reasons using the...
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Normally, science proceeds by ruling thi...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Comparative reasoning is powerfully pers...
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Correct Answer
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Demonstrate that the interpret...
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Correct Answer
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Justify the chosen measure of ...
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Explanation helps us understand why even...
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Correct Answer
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