Question 1

According to Rachman, what is the relationship between courage and fearlessness?

Accepted Answer

A)   Courage and fearlessness are synonymous.
B)   Courage is objective and fearlessness is subjective.
C)   Courage is the willingness to approach an object despite being fearful.
D)   Courage is a cognitive trait and fearlessness is an emotional trait.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

What do older children focus on as being necessary for courage?

Accepted Answer

A)   physical strength
B)   psychological risk-taking
C)   fearlessness
D)   moral outrageE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic that is negatively correlated with the construct of courage?

Accepted Answer

A)   extroversion
B)   anxiety
C)   agreeableness
D)   opennessE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following themes did Baltes find when analyzing cultural-historical and philosophical writings?

Accepted Answer

A)   Wisdom is well intended and combines mind and virtue.
B)   Wisdom is difficult to attain and difficult to recognize.
C)   Wisdom does not involve special or superior judgment.
D)   Wisdom is valued more in Western mainstream cultures.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Compare implicit and explicit theories of wisdom.

Accepted Answer

Varies. Students should use an implicit ...

Question 6

According to Baltes, what are the two basic criteria related to expertise and wise performance?

Accepted Answer

A)   factual knowledge and procedural knowledge
B)   intelligence and factual knowledge
C)   thoroughness and procedural knowledge
D)   technical knowledge and theoretical knowledgeE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

As a result of the number of hate crimes committed against them, LGBTQ individuals may act courageously out of necessity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In older adults, there is a link between wisdom and positive personal traits, including ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   education level
B)   a sense of purpose in life
C)   emotional intelligence
D)   cognitive functionsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

What is the adaptive value of wisdom according to Csikszentmihalyi and Rathunde (1990) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Wisdom results from an ideal combination of security and danger during the adolescent years.
B)   Wisdom is a requirement for the development of courage.
C)   Intelligence only results from wisdom.
D)   Through wisdom we make good choices when challenged by the social and physical world.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

What did the "Hemingway code" suggest as a code of conduct for Americans?

Accepted Answer

A)   strength, knowledge, and courage
B)   courage, wisdom, and valor
C)   knowledge, wisdom, and strength
D)   valor, strength, and knowledgeE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

A Greek term for wisdom, phronesis, refers to using wisdom in a practical sense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which measure of wisdom would a researcher use if they desired to understand the cognitive, reflective, and affective components of wisdom?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Wisdom Development Scale
B)   the Baltes series of life problems
C)   the 3D-WS (three-dimensional wisdom scale) 
D)   the Wise Thinking and Acting Questionnaire (WITHAQ) E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

For which group is there little research about the construct of wisdom?

Accepted Answer

A)   African Americans
B)   Asian Americans
C)   Caucasian Americans
D)   Native AmericansE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

What is the difference between civil courage and altruism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acts of civil courage are more likely to involve risking physical harm.
B)   Altruism is characterized by a feeling of empathy, but civil courage is motivated by feeling of moral obligation.
C)   Altruistic acts are more likely to involve risking physical harm.
D)   Altruism is characterized by a desire to help another person, whereas civil courage is motivated by a desire to maintain peace and order.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

People who regularly engage in courageous acts respond in physiologically similar ways to those who do not act with courage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What group is wisdom considered to be a part of?

Accepted Answer

A)   the big five factors
B)   the divine traits
C)   the four cardinal virtues
D)   the triarchy of intelligencesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

According to Sternberg's balance theory of wisdom, what is the goal of wisdom?

Accepted Answer

A)   achievement of a common good
B)   acquiring material wealth
C)   maintaining the status quo
D)   an increase in intelligenceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics was identified as one of the underlying dimensions of wisdom by Clayton?

Accepted Answer

A)   intelligence
B)   affective
C)   creativity
D)   intuitionE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Which area of the brain has been found to be essential to the development of wisdom?

Accepted Answer

A)   the temporoparietal junction
B)   the prefrontal cortex
C)   the occipital lobe
D)   the frontotemporal lobeE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

What does the author explain is at the core of the debate on the relationship between wisdom and courage?

Accepted Answer

A)   how they interact with culture
B)   which of them precedes the other
C)   whether they can be defined without the other
D)   which is more adaptiveE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 9: Wisdom and Courage: Characteristics of the Wise and the Brave

As a result of the number of hate crimes committed against them, LGBTQ individuals may act courageously out of necessity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did the "Hemingway code" suggest as a code of conduct for Americans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Rachman, what is the relationship between courage and fearlessness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What group is wisdom considered to be a part of?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following themes did Baltes find when analyzing cultural-historical and philosophical writings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic that is negatively correlated with the construct of courage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characteristics was identified as one of the underlying dimensions of wisdom by Clayton?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Sternberg's balance theory of wisdom, what is the goal of wisdom?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the adaptive value of wisdom according to Csikszentmihalyi and Rathunde (1990) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Greek term for wisdom, phronesis, refers to using wisdom in a practical sense.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Baltes, what are the two basic criteria related to expertise and wise performance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who regularly engage in courageous acts respond in physiologically similar ways to those who do not act with courage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For which group is there little research about the construct of wisdom?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do older children focus on as being necessary for courage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In older adults, there is a link between wisdom and positive personal traits, including ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which measure of wisdom would a researcher use if they desired to understand the cognitive, reflective, and affective components of wisdom?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which area of the brain has been found to be essential to the development of wisdom?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare implicit and explicit theories of wisdom.

Correct AnswerverifiedVaries. Students should use an implicit ...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the difference between civil courage and altruism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the author explain is at the core of the debate on the relationship between wisdom and courage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Varies. Students should use an implicit ...
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