Question 1

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label P represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   nephron loop
B)   renal corpuscle
C)   proximal convoluted tubule
D)   distal convoluted tubule
E)   collecting ductF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

If through injury, both the blood flow to the kidneys and the glomerular filtration pressure decrease, which of the following will likely occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   The renin-angiotensin system will be activated.
B)   Sodium reabsorption will be inhibited.
C)   Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries.
D)   Vasodilation of the efferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries.
E)   The amount of ADH released in the blood will decrease.F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   reabsorption of vital nutrients from the tubular fluid
B)   conduction of urine to the minor calices
C)   determines the final osmotic concentration and volume of the urine
D)   active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins
E)   filtration of plasma to initiate urine formationF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)  increases,

Accepted Answer

A)   the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT decreases.
B)   more concentrated urine is produced.
C)   less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct.
D)   the water content of urine increases.
E)   the sensation of thirst is inhibited.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)   The cells of the juxtaglomerular complex secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin.
B)   The collecting system reabsorbs water and reabsorbs or secretes sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions.
C)   The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the tubular fluid.
D)   The ascending limb of the nephron loop actively transports sodium and chloride ions out of the tubular fluid.
E)   The filtration slits between the slender processes of the podocytes prevent the passage of blood cells and most plasma proteins.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label R represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum
B)   renal pelvis
C)   renal cortex
D)   renal medulla
E)   renal sinusF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 7

At the nephron, angiotensin II triggers ________ to elevate glomerular pressures and glomerular filtration rates.

Accepted Answer

A)   vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles
B)   vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles
C)   vasodilation of the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
D)   vasodilation of the efferent arterioles
E)   the release of ANPF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

The hormone ANP

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulates ADH secretion.
B)   increases the rate of sodium ion reabsorption.
C)   decreases glomerular filtration.
D)   decreases urinary water loss.
E)   promotes the dilation of glomerular capillaries.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?

Accepted Answer

A)   Excretion of waste products will increase.
B)   Kidney filtration will stop.
C)   There will be no effect on pH control.
D)   Active secretion will occur normally in the distal convoluted tubule.
E)   The renin-angiotensin system is unaffected.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label N represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   nephron loop
B)   renal corpuscle
C)   proximal convoluted tubule
D)   distal convoluted tubule
E)   collecting ductF) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label D represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   hilum
B)   renal pelvis
C)   renal cortex
D)   renal medulla
E)   renal sinusF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Acid-base balance exists when

Accepted Answer

A)   there is a balance between the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the kidneys.
B)   the amount of water gain equals the amount of water loss.
C)   protein intake equals protein excretion.
D)   the net gain in sodium ions equals its net loss.
E)   the production of hydrogen ions is equal to their loss.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

The micturition reflex center consists of afferent sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves, which carry the resulting impulses to the

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothalamus.
B)   medulla oblongata.
C)   pons.
D)   lumbar spinal cord.
E)   sacral spinal cord.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Organic acids, or metabolic acids, are generated during the normal process of

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolism.
B)   metabolic generation of water.
C)   exhalation.
D)   reabsorption.
E)   active secretion.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 18: The Urinary System

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label R represents which of the following structures?

Correct Answer
verified

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label D represents which of the following structures?

Correct Answer
verified

Acid-base balance exists when

Correct Answer
verified

The micturition reflex center consists of afferent sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves, which carry the resulting impulses to the

Correct Answer
verified

At the nephron, angiotensin II triggers ________ to elevate glomerular pressures and glomerular filtration rates.

Correct Answer
verified

The hormone ANP

Correct Answer
verified

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

Correct Answer
verified

If through injury, both the blood flow to the kidneys and the glomerular filtration pressure decrease, which of the following will likely occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Correct Answer
verified

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Correct Answer
verified

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label P represents which of the following structures?

Correct Answer
verified

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label N represents which of the following structures?

Correct Answer
verified

Organic acids, or metabolic acids, are generated during the normal process of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 18: The Urinary System

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label R represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label D represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acid-base balance exists when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The micturition reflex center consists of afferent sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves, which carry the resulting impulses to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the nephron, angiotensin II triggers ________ to elevate glomerular pressures and glomerular filtration rates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone ANP

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If through injury, both the blood flow to the kidneys and the glomerular filtration pressure decrease, which of the following will likely occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label P represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label N represents which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organic acids, or metabolic acids, are generated during the normal process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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