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Pernicious anemia is the result of:


A) thiamin deficiency.
B) niacin deficiency.
C) vitamin B12 deficiency.
D) choline deficiency.
E) vitamin C deficiency.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Excess of which water-soluble vitamin can cause a long-term toxic effect of numbness due to nerve damage?


A) thiamin
B) vitamin C
C) pantothenic acid
D) vitamin B6
E) choline

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Which list contains only vitamins that can have toxic effects if consumed in excess?


A) thiamin and riboflavin
B) vitamin B12 and folate
C) thiamin and biotin
D) vitamin B6 and vitamin C
E) biotin and vitamin B12

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to experience inadequate vitamin intakes?


A) people intentionally restricting calories
B) older adults with swallowing difficulty
C) middle-aged men with heart disease
D) older adults with dental problems
E) people with excessive alcohol intakes

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Which list contains only vitamins that play a role in RNA and DNA synthesis?


A) thiamin, riboflavin, niacin
B) thiamin, folate, niacin
C) vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate
D) vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C
E) biotin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Explain why folate recommendations are often provided as dietary folate equivalents (DFEs).

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Dietary folate equivalents are...

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The amino acid tryptophan can be converted to:


A) thiamin.
B) riboflavin.
C) niacin.
D) vitamin B6.
E) vitamin C.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Which foods contain the least amount of vitamin B12?


A) clams and other shellfish
B) ground beef
C) milk and dairy products
D) spinach and leafy green vegetables
E) eggs and poultry

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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Which vitamin is required for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?


A) thiamin
B) riboflavin
C) niacin
D) vitamin B6
E) vitamin C

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Milk is packaged in opaque containers to prevent light from destroying:


A) thiamin.
B) riboflavin.
C) niacin.
D) biotin.
E) vitamin B6.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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