Question 1

The relationship between codon and anticodon can be characterized as involving ________.

Accepted Answer

hydrogen bonds betwe...

Question 2

Which of the following two terms relate most closely to split genes?

Accepted Answer

A)   5′-cap, 3′-poly-A tail
B)   introns, exons
C)   elongation, termination
D)   transcription, translation
E)   heteroduplex, homoduplexF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

The finding that virtually all organisms use the same genetic code provides the basis for declaring that the code is universal. Name at least two exceptions to such universality.

Accepted Answer

mitochondrial DNA, M...

Question 4

A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the ________ position of the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A base at the first position of...

Question 5

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes, three polymeras...

Question 6

Messenger RNA is usually polycistronic in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

It has been recently determined that the gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)  is more than 2000 kb (kilobases)  in length; however, the mRNA produced by this gene is only about 14 kb long. What is a likely cause of this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A)   The exons have been spliced out during mRNA processing.
B)   The DNA represents a double-stranded structure, whereas the RNA is single-stranded.
C)   There are more amino acids coded for by the DNA than by the mRNA.
D)   The introns have been spliced out during mRNA processing.
E)   When the mRNA is produced, it is highly folded and therefore less long.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Describe the direction of information flow in living systems. Use appropriate, scientific terms in your description.

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated and passed to offsprin...

Question 9

Referring to the genetic code, what is meant by "wobble"?

Accepted Answer

relaxed pairing spec...

Question 10

Suppose that in the use of polynucleotide phosphorylase, nucleotides A and C are added in a ratio of 1A:5C. What is the probability that an AAA sequence will occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that in the use of polynucleotide...

Question 11

An intron is a section of an RNA that gets spliced out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms. The term often used to describe such consistency in the code is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   universal
B)   exceptional
C)   trans-specific
D)   overlapping
E)   none of the aboveF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

In which cellular organelle do the three posttranscriptional modifications often seen in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   nucleus
B)   cytoplasm
C)   mitochondrion
D)   lysosome
E)   GolgiF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

What is one particular function that the codons (UAA, UGA, or UAG)  serve during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   UAA, UGA, and UAG are initiator codons, not termination codons.
B)   They allow the mRNA to assume a variety of linear conformations.
C)   These triplets cause frameshift mutations, but are not involved in termination.
D)   They provide a substrate for the addition of the initiator amino acid.
E)   They act in chain termination.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Describe how the sigma subunit (factor) of E. coli RNA polymerase participates in transcription.

Accepted Answer

The sigma subunit may give spe...

Question 16

What two experimental procedures allowed deciphering of the ordered triplet assignments of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

the triplet binding ...

Question 17

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding ________ are usually conserved, but the sequences of ________ are much less well conserved.

Accepted Answer

A)   exons; introns
B)   introns; exons
C)   introns; chaperons
D)   chaperons; exons
E)   introns; proteinsF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

Regarding the efficient initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which specific "upstream" signals appear to be involved?

Accepted Answer

TATA and C...

Question 19

Describe the function of N-formylmethionine in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

N-formylmethionine is a modifi...

Question 20

The genetic code is said to be triplet, meaning that there ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are three amino acids per base in mRNA
B)   are three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid
C)   may be three ways in which an amino acid may terminate a chain
D)   are three "nonsense" triplets
E)   none of the aboveF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Exam 13: The Genetic Code and Transcription

A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the ________ position of the mRNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the efficient initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which specific "upstream" signals appear to be involved?

Correct AnswerverifiedTATA and C...View AnswerShow Answer

Suppose that in the use of polynucleotide phosphorylase, nucleotides A and C are added in a ratio of 1A:5C. What is the probability that an AAA sequence will occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Referring to the genetic code, what is meant by "wobble"?

Correct Answerverifiedrelaxed pairing spec...View AnswerShow Answer

Messenger RNA is usually polycistronic in eukaryotes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how the sigma subunit (factor) of E. coli RNA polymerase participates in transcription.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe sigma subunit may give spe...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following two terms relate most closely to split genes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the function of N-formylmethionine in prokaryotes.

Correct AnswerverifiedN-formylmethionine is a modifi...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn eukaryotes, three polymeras...View AnswerShow Answer

What is one particular function that the codons (UAA, UGA, or UAG) serve during protein synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An intron is a section of an RNA that gets spliced out.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which cellular organelle do the three posttranscriptional modifications often seen in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding ________ are usually conserved, but the sequences of ________ are much less well conserved.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The genetic code is said to be triplet, meaning that there ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the direction of information flow in living systems. Use appropriate, scientific terms in your description.

Correct AnswerverifiedDNA is replicated and passed to offsprin...View AnswerShow Answer

What two experimental procedures allowed deciphering of the ordered triplet assignments of the genetic code?

Correct Answerverifiedthe triplet binding ...View AnswerShow Answer

The relationship between codon and anticodon can be characterized as involving ________.

Correct Answerverifiedhydrogen bonds betwe...View AnswerShow Answer

The finding that virtually all organisms use the same genetic code provides the basis for declaring that the code is universal. Name at least two exceptions to such universality.

Correct Answerverifiedmitochondrial DNA, M...View AnswerShow Answer

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms. The term often used to describe such consistency in the code is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been recently determined that the gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is more than 2000 kb (kilobases) in length; however, the mRNA produced by this gene is only about 14 kb long. What is a likely cause of this discrepancy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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TATA and C...
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Correct Answer
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relaxed pairing spec...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The sigma subunit may give spe...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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N-formylmethionine is a modifi...
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Correct Answer
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In eukaryotes, three polymeras...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding are usually conserved, but the sequences of are much less well conserved.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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DNA is replicated and passed to offsprin...
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the triplet binding ...
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hydrogen bonds betwe...
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Correct Answer
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mitochondrial DNA, M...
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Correct Answer
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