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______________ variables are often used as a basis for market segmentation.

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Which of the following is NOT a key dimension of behavior that should be measured by the researcher?


A) How much?
B) Where?
C) In what situation?
D) Who?
E) Why?

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following statements about cross-sectional analysis is FALSE?


A) Cross-sectional designs are the best-known descriptive designs.
B) A quota sample can be used with a cross-sectional design.
C) Cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of the variables of interest at a single point in time.
D) The sample of elements is typically selected to be representative of some known population.
E) All of the above statements about cross-sectional analysis are true.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Respondent error can occur when a subject is asked to remember and report past behaviors. Which of the following helps eliminate this type of error?


A) Descriptive data
B) Causal data
C) Cross-sectional data
D) Panel data
E) Experimental data

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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D

Attitudes and opinions are best determined by observation.

A) True
B) False

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Purchase intentions


A) Are a very good indicator of an individual's future behavior.
B) May be better predictors of future behavior for large dollar expenditures.
C) Are a relatively good predictor of a family's purchase behavior.
D) Are studied often in marketing because they are very similar to attitudes.
E) Are better predictors of future behavior for small dollar expenditures.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements about measuring intentions is NOT true?


A) Consumers usually aren't very accurate about what they'll do in the future.
B) The problem is getting answers that have meaning in them.
C) It is more difficult to measure purchase intentions for new-to-the-world products.
D) The problem is getting people to answer questions about their intentions.
E) There is often a big difference between what people say they are going to do and what they actually do.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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A motive is any inner state that directs or channels behavior toward goals.

A) True
B) False

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"Mission Possible" is a non-profit retail store that sells gift items made by artisans from over thirty different underdeveloped countries. This store provides employment to impoverished third world craftspeople and markets their handiwork at a fair price. The store defines its market segment as people who believe in helping others and who feel good about helping others whenever possible. The store uses______________segmentation.


A) demographic
B) psychographic
C) geodemographic
D) ethnic
E) geographic

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is a life-style characteristic?


A) Social class
B) Interests
C) Attitudes
D) Home ownership
E) Age

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which type of primary data refers to what people do and do not know or believe about some product, brand, company or advertisement?


A) Personality/Lifestyle
B) Awareness/Knowledge
C) Demographic/Socioeconomic
D) Attitudes
E) Behavior

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following statements about descriptive research is NOT true?


A) Descriptive research can be used to accomplish a wide variety of research objectives.
B) Descriptive data become more useful for solving problems only when the process is guided by one or more specific research problems.
C) Descriptive studies can be considered flexible.
D) A descriptive study design is very different from an exploratory study design
E) Descriptive studies require a clear specification of the who, what, where, why and how of the research.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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If we were measuring a customer's age, income, gender, education, occupation, marital status, etc. we would be measuring


A) attitudes/opinions.
B) psychological/lifestyle characteristics.
C) demographic/socioeconomic characteristics.
D) behavior and perceptions.
E) None of the above.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Discuss the two basic means of obtaining primary data.

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The two basic means of obtaining primary data are communication and observation. Communication involves questioning respondents to secure the desired information, using a data collection instrument called a questionnaire or survey. Observation involves scrutinizing the situation of interest and recording the relevant facts, actions or behaviors.

Proctor & Gamble, the makers of Oil of Olay skin lotion, have traditionally targeted women over 30 years of age. This is an example of


A) demographic segmentation.
B) benefit segmentation.
C) psychographic segmentation.
D) usage rate segmentation.
E) geodemographic segmentation.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is NOT a demographic or socioeconomic characteristic?


A) A feeling towards a brand
B) Marital status
C) Social class
D) Gender
E) Income

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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In assessing awareness, a marketer might be interested in knowledge of


A) the product itself.
B) where the product is available.
C) what the product is used for.
D) the price of the product.
E) All of the above.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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E

Which of the following statements about panels is FALSE?


A) Panels typically allow the collection of more classification information than cross-sectional studies.
B) Panel data is more accurate than cross-sectional data because panel data tend to be free from errors associated with reporting past behavior.
C) Panels reduce interviewer-respondent bias because of a trust built up through repeated contacts between the two individuals.
D) Non-representativeness of panel members may be a major weakness of longitudinal designs.
E) All of the above statements about panels are true; none of the above are false.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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True longitudinal analysis


A) is concerned with the determination of cause-and-effect relationships.
B) can be performed on any panel.
C) involves a one-time cross-sectional sample of elements from the population of interest.
D) is simply a fact-gathering study.
E) can only be performed using panels that rely on repeated measurements of the same variables.

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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If a researcher is interested in investigating whether or not consumers like a new packaging method for a particular product, the researcher should focus on measuring


A) Motivation.
B) Intention.
C) Behavioral goals.
D) Attitude.
E) Personality.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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