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Despite the high temperatures deep in the interior of giant planets, their cores remain liquid because


A) they are under very high pressures.
B) gravitational potential energy is being converted into thermal energy in the cores.
C) they are composed of heavy materials like rock and water.
D) their rotations are rapid compared to those of the terrestrial planets.
E) the giant planets have strong magnetic fields.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Why are winds on the giant planets far faster than those on Earth?

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The gas giants are r...

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If we measure the spectrum of radiation coming from different clouds in Jupiter's atmosphere and we find that a cloud that appears white in visible light emits the largest number of photons at a wavelength of 3 *10-5 m, whereas a cloud that appears brown in visible light emits the largest number of photons at a wavelength of 1.9 * 10-5 m, how do the temperatures of the clouds compare?

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Wien's law states that blured image peak ...

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Describe the process of planetary migration, and the effects it has on planetary systems.

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Planetary migration is the effect of pla...

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In addition to the visible light that we can see with our own eyes, Jupiter emits a large amount of radio waves.Explain the processes that allow Jupiter to give off each of these types of light.

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The visible light we see from ...

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Which giant planet has the most prominent band structures?


A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
E) All of these have prominent band structures.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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As you move from the top atmospheric layer toward the center of a gas planet, the temperature ________ and the pressure ________.


A) increases; decreases
B) increases; increases
C) decreases; decreases
D) decreases; increases
E) increases; stays the same

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Saturn has a large magnetosphere similar to Jupiter's, yet it is much harder to detect than Jupiter's magnetosphere.Why?

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Unlike Jupiter,Saturn has an extensive a...

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What do scientists mean when they say Jupiter's moon Io orbits in a "plasma torus," as shown in the figure below, and what causes this phenomenon? What do scientists mean when they say Jupiter's moon Io orbits in a plasma torus, as shown in the figure below, and what causes this phenomenon?

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Jupiter's strong magnetic fiel...

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Neptune and Uranus probably took longer to form than Jupiter and Saturn because the solar nebula was ________ at the radius of Neptune and Uranus.


A) rotating faster
B) composed of rockier planetesimals
C) not as dense
D) hotter
E) colder

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Why aren't all clouds on Jupiter white, like on Earth?


A) Jupiter's clouds are made of methane.
B) Jupiter's clouds are made of carbon dioxide.
C) There are chemical impurities in the ice crystals in Jupiter's clouds.
D) The Sun is not as bright when viewed from Jupiter compared to what it looks like from Earth.
E) For the same reason that we see colors in rainbows on Earth.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Why are Jupiter and Saturn not perfectly spherical?


A) They formed from the collision of two large planetesimals.
B) They rotate rapidly.
C) They have storms that develop preferentially along their equators.
D) They have very active auroras that heat the atmospheres along the poles.
E) They have so much more gravity that the poles get pulled harder than the equators.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Aside from Jupiter, which giant planets have atmospheric bands and storms?


A) Saturn only
B) Uranus only
C) Neptune only
D) all of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
E) none of these

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Would we expect to find cloud bands on giant planets in other solar systems? Why or why not?

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Cloud bands are caused by vertical conve...

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If Saturn's rotational period is 11 hours and its radius is 6 * 107 m, what is the average speed of an equatorial cloud in its atmosphere that is rotating with Saturn? (Neglect differential speeds due to winds.)

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The cloud will complete one orbit and tr...

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Compare the flux of sunlight at Earth's orbit to that at Saturn's orbit.Note that Saturn's average distance from the Sun is 9.5 AU.

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The flux of sunlight is proportional to ...

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Each giant planet has a core made of ________ that is 5 to 10 times the mass of Earth.


A) hydrogen
B) rocky material
C) water
D) hydrocarbons
E) methane

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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A diagram of the interior of Jupiter is shown the figure below, with layers labeled A-D.Describe what each of the four labeled layers is made of. A diagram of the interior of Jupiter is shown the figure below, with layers labeled A-D.Describe what each of the four labeled layers is made of.

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A: MOLECULAR HYDROGEN AND HELI...

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The figure below shows a drawing of bands in the atmosphere of Jupiter, and the arrows indicate the direction the winds are blowing in those bands.At which of the labeled locations would you be most likely to find a vortex storm? The figure below shows a drawing of bands in the atmosphere of Jupiter, and the arrows indicate the direction the winds are blowing in those bands.At which of the labeled locations would you be most likely to find a vortex storm? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Why do we find methane clouds above water clouds in the atmosphere of Saturn?


A) Methane clouds are less dense than water clouds.
B) Methane is far more plentiful than water on Saturn.
C) Methane is in a gas state at lower temperatures than water.
D) We can't observe the methane clouds that are deeper in the atmosphere.
E) all of these

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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