Question 1

A researcher is interested in improving student attention in a classroom. She measures student attention during five preintervention sessions. Her measure is the number of students attending in the class (out of 25 students) . She then introduces the program to increase the number of children paying attention. She then measures six more times the number of children attending. Which series would best show that the intervention had an effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Series 1
B)   Series 2
C)   Series 3
D)   None show a potential effectE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

In order to draw a causal conclusion from a multiple-baseline design, what must occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   The treatment needs to change the behavior when it is implemented for the different people, behaviors, or settings
B)   The treatment effect has to reverse upon return to baseline
C)   The behaviors, settings, or people must be highly related or interdependent
D)   Multiple groups need to participate in the studyE) B) and D)
F) None of the above A

Question 3

A stable baseline consists of a lack of trend and little variability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In single-case research designs, the effectiveness of the treatment is demonstrated by changes in the dependent variable from baseline to the treatment conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In a regression-discontinuity design, both groups are exposed to the treatment to see if it equally impacts people who score above and below the cut-off score.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A student's behavior is observed throughout the school day. Then a behavior change intervention is implemented in her main classroom. After the intervention, her behavior is observed in art, music, and PE in addition to her main classroom. This is an example of a __________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)   Multiple baseline across settings
B)   Multiple baseline across participants
C)   Interrupted time-series
D)   Regression-discontinuityE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Single-case designs are used:

Accepted Answer

A)   When you have nonequivalent groups
B)   Only with single individuals
C)   With intact groups that cannot be divided
D)   In multiple settings every timeE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

When compared to strong experimental research designs, quasi-experimental research designs:

Accepted Answer

A)   Are more likely to be impacted by confounding variables
B)   Are less likely to be impacted by confounding variables
C)   Have an easier time meeting the conditions needed to infer causality
D)   Are less optimal designs than weak experimental research designsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B) A

Question 9

In a multiple-baseline design across people:

Accepted Answer

A)   The treatment is introduced at the same time to all participants
B)   The treatment introduction is staggered in time across the participants
C)   The first person receiving the treatment has no baseline data
D)   Multiple people get an ABA designE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

For a treatment to be deemed effective when used in the context of an A-B single-case design, what has to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavior should change as the treatment is implemented
B)   Behavior should return to baseline levels when the treatment is removed
C)   When the treatment is removed, behavior should stay at the level that was created by the treatment rather than revert back to the baseline
D)   The line representing the A phase should intersect with the line representing the B phaseE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Dr. Thomas wanted to determine if the enrichment program that was implemented enhanced the achievement test scores of students. All students with an IQ of 120 or higher were placed in this program. He could use the regression-discontinuity design to test the effectiveness of this program.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Compare and contrast strong experimental research designs and quasi-experimental research designs.

Accepted Answer

Strong experimental research designs rel...

Question 13

Luke is conducting a changing-criterion design. In order for him to conclude that the treatment effected the target behavior, his data must:

Accepted Answer

A)   Attain statistical significance
B)   Show successive changes with changing criterion
C)   Return to baseline within two weeks of the end of the treatment
D)   Demonstrate a return to baseline following each change in the criterionE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Ms. Smith has decided to implement a changing-criterion design to improve students' behavior. Which of the following is an issue she should attend to in order to be successful?

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavioral stability is not required in order to change the criterion
B)   Treatment phases should all be of the same length
C)   Treatment phases should always be longer than baseline phases
D)   The criterion should only be changed 2-4 timesE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

When is the baseline trend opposite of the trend during treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)   The effect is powerfully demonstrated
B)   The trend obscures causal conclusions
C)   Maturation effects threaten internal validity
D)   It is impossible to find a treatment effectE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Explain the characteristics of the nonequivalent comparison-group quasi-experimental design and how to search for rival hypotheses that might explain the obtained results.

Accepted Answer

The nonequivalent comparison-group quasi...

Question 17

When using an A-B-A or an A-B-A-B design it is necessary that reversal occurs if one hopes to make a justified claim of cause and effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 18

A potential threat to the nonequivalent comparison-group design is the presence of a selection-history effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain how time-series and single-case research designs attempt to rule out confounding variables.

Accepted Answer

Time-series and single-case research des...

Question 20

In single-case and time-series research designs, how are confounding variables ruled out?

Accepted Answer

In single-case and time-series...

Exam 13: Experimental Research: Quasi and Single-Case Designs

Correct Answer
verified

In order to draw a causal conclusion from a multiple-baseline design, what must occur?

Correct Answer
verified
A

A stable baseline consists of a lack of trend and little variability.

Correct Answer
verified

In single-case research designs, the effectiveness of the treatment is demonstrated by changes in the dependent variable from baseline to the treatment conditions.

Correct Answer
verified

In a regression-discontinuity design, both groups are exposed to the treatment to see if it equally impacts people who score above and below the cut-off score.

Correct Answer
verified

A student's behavior is observed throughout the school day. Then a behavior change intervention is implemented in her main classroom. After the intervention, her behavior is observed in art, music, and PE in addition to her main classroom. This is an example of a __________ design.

Correct Answer
verified

Single-case designs are used:

Correct Answer
verified

When compared to strong experimental research designs, quasi-experimental research designs:

Correct Answer
verified
A

In a multiple-baseline design across people:

Correct Answer
verified

For a treatment to be deemed effective when used in the context of an A-B single-case design, what has to occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Dr. Thomas wanted to determine if the enrichment program that was implemented enhanced the achievement test scores of students. All students with an IQ of 120 or higher were placed in this program. He could use the regression-discontinuity design to test the effectiveness of this program.

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast strong experimental research designs and quasi-experimental research designs.

Correct Answer
verified
Strong experimental research designs rel...
View Answer

Luke is conducting a changing-criterion design. In order for him to conclude that the treatment effected the target behavior, his data must:

Correct Answer
verified

Ms. Smith has decided to implement a changing-criterion design to improve students' behavior. Which of the following is an issue she should attend to in order to be successful?

Correct Answer
verified

When is the baseline trend opposite of the trend during treatment?

Correct Answer
verified

Explain the characteristics of the nonequivalent comparison-group quasi-experimental design and how to search for rival hypotheses that might explain the obtained results.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The nonequivalent comparison-group quasi...
View Answer

When using an A-B-A or an A-B-A-B design it is necessary that reversal occurs if one hopes to make a justified claim of cause and effect.

Correct Answer
verified
True

A potential threat to the nonequivalent comparison-group design is the presence of a selection-history effect.

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how time-series and single-case research designs attempt to rule out confounding variables.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Time-series and single-case research des...
View Answer

In single-case and time-series research designs, how are confounding variables ruled out?

Correct Answer
verified
In single-case and time-series...
View Answer

Exam 13: Experimental Research: Quasi and Single-Case Designs

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to draw a causal conclusion from a multiple-baseline design, what must occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

A stable baseline consists of a lack of trend and little variability.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In single-case research designs, the effectiveness of the treatment is demonstrated by changes in the dependent variable from baseline to the treatment conditions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a regression-discontinuity design, both groups are exposed to the treatment to see if it equally impacts people who score above and below the cut-off score.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A student's behavior is observed throughout the school day. Then a behavior change intervention is implemented in her main classroom. After the intervention, her behavior is observed in art, music, and PE in addition to her main classroom. This is an example of a __________ design.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Single-case designs are used:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When compared to strong experimental research designs, quasi-experimental research designs:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

In a multiple-baseline design across people:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a treatment to be deemed effective when used in the context of an A-B single-case design, what has to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Thomas wanted to determine if the enrichment program that was implemented enhanced the achievement test scores of students. All students with an IQ of 120 or higher were placed in this program. He could use the regression-discontinuity design to test the effectiveness of this program.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast strong experimental research designs and quasi-experimental research designs.

Correct AnswerverifiedStrong experimental research designs rel...View AnswerShow Answer

Luke is conducting a changing-criterion design. In order for him to conclude that the treatment effected the target behavior, his data must:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ms. Smith has decided to implement a changing-criterion design to improve students' behavior. Which of the following is an issue she should attend to in order to be successful?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When is the baseline trend opposite of the trend during treatment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the characteristics of the nonequivalent comparison-group quasi-experimental design and how to search for rival hypotheses that might explain the obtained results.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe nonequivalent comparison-group quasi...View AnswerShow Answer

When using an A-B-A or an A-B-A-B design it is necessary that reversal occurs if one hopes to make a justified claim of cause and effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

A potential threat to the nonequivalent comparison-group design is the presence of a selection-history effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how time-series and single-case research designs attempt to rule out confounding variables.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AITime-series and single-case research des...View AnswerShow Answer

In single-case and time-series research designs, how are confounding variables ruled out?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn single-case and time-series...View AnswerShow Answer

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A

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A

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verified

Correct Answer
verified
Strong experimental research designs rel...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The nonequivalent comparison-group quasi...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
True

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Time-series and single-case research des...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
In single-case and time-series...
View Answer