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Which of the following is NOT a function of amniotic fluid?


A) protects the embryo from trauma
B) allows the embryo freedom of movement
C) provides nutrition for the developing embryo
D) maintains a constant temperature for the developing embryo

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The fusion of the pronuclei can occur after the oocyte completes:


A) mitosis.
B) capacitation.
C) meiosis II.
D) meiosis I.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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What makes estrogen and progesterone after the fourth month of pregnancy to maintain the uterine lining?


A) corpus luteum
B) placenta
C) anterior pituitary
D) ovaries

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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What is NOT allowed to pass through the placental barrier between maternal and fetal blood supplies?


A) wastes
B) blood cells
C) nutrients
D) certain gases

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Along which line of the embryo does the primitive streak form?


A) cephalic -caudal
B) right -left
C) lateral -medial
D) dorsal -ventral

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Explain what is meant when a pregnant woman says her "water has broken." Discuss the stage of labor during which this event occurs.

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At some point during the dilation stage,...

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Breast milk also acts as a mild laxative and helps cleanse meconium, a tarry, green fecal material made up of bile and other wastes that is first excreted by the newborn.

A) True
B) False

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In the case of blood types, both alleles A and B may be expressed as the phenotype. This exemplifies:


A) polygenic inheritance.
B) sex -linked inheritance.
C) codominance.
D) incomplete dominance.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The Apgar score is assigned for several criteria measured at birth. What is NOT measured?


A) respiratory level
B) muscle activity
C) grimace
D) defecation

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following releases human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) ?


A) blastocyst
B) cytotrophoblast
C) syncytiotrophoblast
D) inner cell mass

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which antibodies are found in colostrum?


A) IgM
B) IgA
C) IgG
D) IgD

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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What connects the placenta to the fetus?


A) notochord
B) allantois
C) umbilical cord
D) chorion

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which hormone makes the medullary respiratory center more sensitive to carbon dioxide levels during pregnancy?


A) relaxin
B) progesterone
C) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
D) estrogen

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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What process starts at the embryonic period?


A) fertilization
B) formation of the blastula
C) gastrulation
D) implantation

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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What is the first major event of organogenesis?


A) formation of somites
B) neurulation
C) formation of the endocrine glands
D) formation of the skin

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Which reaction releases enzymes such as hyaluronidase and acrosin that allow sperm to penetrate the corona radiata of the secondary oocyte?


A) cortical reaction
B) capacitation
C) acrosomal reaction
D) sperm migration

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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During month 4 of prenatal development, the fetus turns upside down in the vertex position.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following implants in, or attaches to, the endometrium of the uterus?


A) fetus
B) secondary oocyte
C) blastocyst
D) embryo

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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