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Which of the following costs do not vary with the amount of output a firm produces?


A) average fixed costs
B) fixed costs and average fixed costs
C) marginal costs and average fixed costs
D) fixed costs

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Table 13-4 Charles's Math Tutoring Table 13-4 Charles's Math Tutoring    -Refer to Table 13-4.Charles's math tutoring company experiences diminishing marginal productivity with the addition of the A)  first worker. B)  second worker. C)  third worker. D)  fourth worker. -Refer to Table 13-4.Charles's math tutoring company experiences diminishing marginal productivity with the addition of the


A) first worker.
B) second worker.
C) third worker.
D) fourth worker.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Table 13-15 Consider the following table of long-run total cost for four different firms: Table 13-15 Consider the following table of long-run total cost for four different firms:    -Refer to Table 13-13.Which firm has diseconomies of scale over the entire range of output? A)  Firm 1 only B)  Firms 1 and 2 only C)  Firm 3 only D)  Firm 4 only -Refer to Table 13-13.Which firm has diseconomies of scale over the entire range of output?


A) Firm 1 only
B) Firms 1 and 2 only
C) Firm 3 only
D) Firm 4 only

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Diseconomies of scale occur when


A) average fixed costs are falling.
B) average fixed costs are constant.
C) long-run average total costs rise as output increases.
D) long-run average total costs fall as output increases.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Diminishing marginal product exists when the production function becomes flatter as inputs increase.

A) True
B) False

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Table 13-7 The Flying Elvis Copter Rides Table 13-7 The Flying Elvis Copter Rides    -Refer to Table 13-7.What is the value of A? A)  $25 B)  $50 C)  $100 D)  $200 -Refer to Table 13-7.What is the value of A?


A) $25
B) $50
C) $100
D) $200

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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When comparing short-run average total cost with long-run average total cost at a given level of output,


A) short-run average total cost is typically above long-run average total cost.
B) short-run average total cost is typically the same as long-run average total cost.
C) short-run average total cost is typically below long-run average total cost.
D) the relationship between short-run and long-run average total cost follows no clear pattern.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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An example of an explicit cost of production would be the


A) cost of forgone labor earnings for an entrepreneur.
B) lost opportunity to invest in capital markets when the money is invested in one's business.
C) lease payments for the land on which a firm's factory stands.
D) Both a and c are correct.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Consider a small family wheat farm.List some examples of implicit costs of farming.

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the lost earnings of any famil...

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Harry's Hotdogs is a small street vendor business owned by Harry Huggins.Harry is trying to get a better understanding of his costs by categorizing them as fixed or variable.Which of the following costs are most likely to be considered fixed costs?


A) the cost of mustard
B) the cost of hotdog buns
C) wages paid to workers who sell hot dogs
D) the cost of bookkeeping services

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Economists assume that the goal of the firm is to maximize total


A) revenue.
B) profits.
C) costs.
D) satisfaction.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Figure 13-5 Figure 13-5   -Refer to Figure 13-5.Which curve is most likely to represent average total cost? A)  A B)  B C)  C D)  D -Refer to Figure 13-5.Which curve is most likely to represent average total cost?


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Table 13-13 Table 13-13    -Refer to Table 13-13.What is average variable cost when output is 50 units? A)  $3.60 B)  $4.00 C)  $4.40 D)  $4.80 -Refer to Table 13-13.What is average variable cost when output is 50 units?


A) $3.60
B) $4.00
C) $4.40
D) $4.80

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Table 13-12 Betty's Bakery Table 13-12 Betty's Bakery    -Refer to Table 13-12.What is the total cost of producing 2 cakes at Betty's Bakery? A)  $48 B)  $53 C)  $58 D)  $62 -Refer to Table 13-12.What is the total cost of producing 2 cakes at Betty's Bakery?


A) $48
B) $53
C) $58
D) $62

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The length of the short run


A) is different for different types of firms.
B) can never exceed 3 years.
C) can never exceed 1 year.
D) is always less than 6 months.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Table 13-11 Teacher's Helper is a small company that has a subcontract to produce instructional materials for disabled children in public school districts.The owner rents several small rooms in an office building in the suburbs for $600 a month and has leased computer equipment that costs $480 a month. Table 13-11 Teacher's Helper is a small company that has a subcontract to produce instructional materials for disabled children in public school districts.The owner rents several small rooms in an office building in the suburbs for $600 a month and has leased computer equipment that costs $480 a month.    -Refer to Table 13-11.What is the average variable cost for the month if 6 instructional modules are produced? A)  $180.00 B)  $533.33 C)  $700.00 D)  $713.33 -Refer to Table 13-11.What is the average variable cost for the month if 6 instructional modules are produced?


A) $180.00
B) $533.33
C) $700.00
D) $713.33

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory Table 13-6 Wooden Chair Factory    -Refer to Table 13-6.The Wooden Chair Factory experiences diminishing marginal product of labor with the addition of which worker? A)  the third worker B)  the fourth worker C)  the fifth worker D)  the sixth worker -Refer to Table 13-6.The Wooden Chair Factory experiences diminishing marginal product of labor with the addition of which worker?


A) the third worker
B) the fourth worker
C) the fifth worker
D) the sixth worker

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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If the total cost curve gets steeper as output increases,the firm is experiencing


A) diseconomies of scale.
B) economies of scale.
C) diminishing marginal product.
D) increasing marginal product.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Foregone investment opportunities are an example of


A) an explicit cost.
B) an implicit cost.
C) revenues.
D) profits.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Brady Industries has average variable costs of $1 and average total costs of $3 when it produces 500 units of output.The firm's total fixed costs equal


A) $2.
B) $4.
C) $1,000.
D) $2,000.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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