Question 1

Differential drop out rates in your experimental and control groups selection-attrition)  is most likely to be a problem in which of the following designs:

Accepted Answer

A)   time series
B)   regression discontinuity
C)   pretest-posttest control group
D)   nonequivalent comparison groupE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

In an)  _________design, the experimenter takes multiple measures on the dependent variable both before and after treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)   non-equivalent control group
B)   interrupted time series
C)   multivariate
D)   before-afterE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

When using the nonequivalent comparison group design, you can increase internal validity by

Accepted Answer

A)   allowing students to self select into groups
B)   allowing parents to decide which group their children will be in
C)   not allowing students to self select into groups
D)   not pre-testing participantsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Selection is a threat to the internal validity of which of the following designs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nonequivalent comparison group design
B)   Interrupted time-series design
C)   Regression-discontinuity design
D)  All of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

In a nonequivalent comparison group study,

Accepted Answer

A)   the experimental group gets a pretest, then the experimental treatment, then a posttest.
B)   there is no control group.
C)   to interpret the results, the pretest scores have to be identical for the two groups.
D)   random assignment to groups is common.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

What is the main distinction between the nonequivalent comparison group design and the pretest-posttest control group design?

Accepted Answer

A)   the use of pretesting in the latter
B)   the use of statistical data analysis in the latter
C)   the random assignment of participants to groups in the latter
D)   more than one independent variable in the latterE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

The nonequivalent comparison group design can yield several possible outcomes. A possible outcome of the non-equivalent comparison group design is that the control group scores higher than the experimental group on the pretest and posttest but the experimental group improves more on posttesting. This could reflect the fact that the independent variable had an effect on the experimental group. It could also reflect

Accepted Answer

A)   an unreliable dependent measure.
B)   the fact that the control group experienced less of the independent variable than the experimental group did.
C)   regression-artifact effect if the experimental group had been selected for their low initial scores.
D)   a selection-maturation effect if the experimental group had been selected for their older age.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 8

A researcher is carrying out a quasi-experimental study. She has the experimental groups in one lab and a control group in another lab. During the intervention phase of her study, the control school has a small fire that forces participants to leave the lab for one hour. She finds huge differences between the experimental and control groups after the study is completed. While there could be an effect of her intervention, a possible rival hypothesis might be:

Accepted Answer

A)   There was a maturation effect
B)   There was an instrumentation effect
C)   There was a differential history or selection-history effect
D)   There was a selection-maturation effectE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

What is the "interruption" in an interrupted time series design?

Accepted Answer

A)   introduction of the independent variable
B)   instrumentation failure
C)   a period of at least two weeks
D)   a brief period when measurements are taken.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

In which of the following circumstances would a researcher be most likely to choose a quasi- experimental research design?

Accepted Answer

A)   when there are more than three important confounding variables to control
B)   when doing research in an applied or natural setting where control is difficult to impose
C)   when controlling experimenter and participant expectation effects would involve an unacceptable level of deception
D)   when it is difficult to recruit enough participants to make standard statistical testing validE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a bias that commonly exits in nonequivalent comparison group designs?

Accepted Answer

A)   selection bias
B)   selection-attrition bias
C)   selection-regression bias
D)   testing biasE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

A small town decides to ban cell phone texting while driving. Before putting the law into effect, officials measure the amount of cell phone use among drivers by placing observers at a busy intersection and recording the percentage of drivers using phones. They do this over 6 consecutive one-week intervals, each week being the middle week of a month i.e., six months of pretesting) . Right after the law is passed, officials repeat the observational study for another six months. Which of the following is true about the design of this study?

Accepted Answer

A)   it is an interrupted time series design
B)   it is an example of a nonequivalent control group design
C)   without a control group, there is no way to evaluate trends with this design
D)   because there are multiple observations this would qualify as a regression discontinuity designE) None of the above
F) B) and C) A

Question 13

One strategy for dealing with preexisting differences between experimental and control groups in the nonequivalent comparison group design is to match the participants.

Accepted Answer

A)   this procedure is as effective as randomly assigning participants from the start
B)   this procedure eliminates local history as a confounding factor
C)   this procedure, however, may introduce a regression-artifact phenomenon whenextreme scores are frequently needed to match
D)   this procedure, however, confounds the research even more than the preexisting differencesE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Quasi-experimental designs lack the controls of strong experimental designs.

Accepted Answer

A)   however, causal inferences can be made to the extent that rival hypotheses can be ruled out
B)   as such, causal inferences should never be made
C)   however, in most cases such deficiencies can be safely ignored
D)   thus, such studies should not be performed by ethical researchersE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

The non-equivalent comparison group design is a quasi-experimental design in which, for reasons of practicality, we cannot insure that the control and experimental groups are equivalent to each other when the experiment begins. The major interpretational difficulty imposed by this design is

Accepted Answer

A)   knowing whether the two groups are different from each other on the dependent measure once the experiment is complete.
B)   deciding how much each group has to gain on the posttest compared to the pretest to be sure that the differences are reliable.
C)   determining when we have collected enough data points to make a statement about the experiment's outcome.
D)   being sure that any differences between groups at the end of the experiment result from the independent variable's influence alone, and are not related to preexisting differences.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

What is the primary threat to internal validity that could confound the results of a regression discontinuity study?

Accepted Answer

A)   maturation
B)   selection-history
C)   attrition
D)   testingE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

In a study designed to examine the effects of an intensive reading program, Vaughn et. al 2009)  screened 2nd grade students and separated good readers from poor readers. The poor readers were given the intervention treatment. At the end of 26 weeks of intervention significant improvement in the poor readers was noted. What type of experimental design was employed in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)   regression discontinuity
B)   nonequivalent comparison group
C)   interrupted time series
D)   median split designE) All of the above
F) A) and D) A

Question 18

Making a causal inference from quasi-experimental evidence requires all but which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)   the suspected cause must covary with the effect
B)   the suspected cause must precede the effect
C)   rival hypotheses must be ruled out or be highly implausible.
D)   Bayesian moving average statistical analyses.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

In the physical education department, Dr. Shanz asks two of his strength training classes to participate in an experiment. One class will follow a traditional program of index finger strength enhancement, while the other class will try a new, experimental procedure. At the beginning of the semester, the class that will use the experimental method starts out with, on average, weaker index fingers than the other class. At the end of the semester, the class using the traditional method shows no significant increase in finger strength, while the other experimental class now has fingers that are, on average, significantly stronger than those of the control class. This is an example of an)  _____effect.

Accepted Answer

A)   interaction
B)   crossover
C)   intragroup regression
D)   selection-maturationE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

The nonequivalent comparison group design can yield several possible outcomes. In one scenario, the experimental group scores higher than the control group at the start of the experiment, and only the experimental group's scores increase from pretesting to posttesting. This could reflect an influence of the independent variable. However, it could also reflect

Accepted Answer

A)   a local instrumentation effect.
B)   a attrition effect both groups.
C)   simply that the experimental group was studied for a longer time period than the control group.
D)   selection-maturation effect.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D) D

Exam 10: Quasi-Experimental Designs

Differential drop out rates in your experimental and control groups selection-attrition) is most likely to be a problem in which of the following designs:

Correct Answer
verified

In an) _________design, the experimenter takes multiple measures on the dependent variable both before and after treatment.

Correct Answer
verified

When using the nonequivalent comparison group design, you can increase internal validity by

Correct Answer
verified

Selection is a threat to the internal validity of which of the following designs?

Correct Answer
verified

In a nonequivalent comparison group study,

Correct Answer
verified

What is the main distinction between the nonequivalent comparison group design and the pretest-posttest control group design?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is the "interruption" in an interrupted time series design?

Correct Answer
verified

In which of the following circumstances would a researcher be most likely to choose a quasi- experimental research design?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a bias that commonly exits in nonequivalent comparison group designs?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

One strategy for dealing with preexisting differences between experimental and control groups in the nonequivalent comparison group design is to match the participants.

Correct Answer
verified

Quasi-experimental designs lack the controls of strong experimental designs.

Correct Answer
verified

The non-equivalent comparison group design is a quasi-experimental design in which, for reasons of practicality, we cannot insure that the control and experimental groups are equivalent to each other when the experiment begins. The major interpretational difficulty imposed by this design is

Correct Answer
verified

What is the primary threat to internal validity that could confound the results of a regression discontinuity study?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Making a causal inference from quasi-experimental evidence requires all but which of the following:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Exam 10: Quasi-Experimental Designs

Differential drop out rates in your experimental and control groups selection-attrition) is most likely to be a problem in which of the following designs:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an) _________design, the experimenter takes multiple measures on the dependent variable both before and after treatment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When using the nonequivalent comparison group design, you can increase internal validity by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Selection is a threat to the internal validity of which of the following designs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a nonequivalent comparison group study,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the main distinction between the nonequivalent comparison group design and the pretest-posttest control group design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the "interruption" in an interrupted time series design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following circumstances would a researcher be most likely to choose a quasi- experimental research design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a bias that commonly exits in nonequivalent comparison group designs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedA

One strategy for dealing with preexisting differences between experimental and control groups in the nonequivalent comparison group design is to match the participants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Quasi-experimental designs lack the controls of strong experimental designs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The non-equivalent comparison group design is a quasi-experimental design in which, for reasons of practicality, we cannot insure that the control and experimental groups are equivalent to each other when the experiment begins. The major interpretational difficulty imposed by this design is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the primary threat to internal validity that could confound the results of a regression discontinuity study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Making a causal inference from quasi-experimental evidence requires all but which of the following:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D