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Exam 16: The Endocrine System

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Question 41

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One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?

A) humoral stimulation
B) protein synthesis
C) catabolic inhibition
D) carbohydrate oxidation

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Question 42

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Figure 16.1Using Figure 16.1, match the following: -Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ.

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Question 43

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ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.

Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are chemically identical to brain neurotransmitters.

Mrs. James appeared at the clinic complaining of extreme nervousness and sweating, saying that she could feel and hear her heart thumping when she tried to sleep at night.She was found to have a severely elevated and fluctuating blood pressure. Although laboratory testing revealed hyperglycemia and increased basal metabolic rate, tests of thyroid function were normal. What is your diagnosis? What treatment should be used?

The second- messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by .

Figure 16.1Using Figure 16.1, match the following: -Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.

Direct gene activation involves a second- messenger system.

Virtually all of the protein or amino acid- based hormones exert their effects through intracellular )

The most important mineralcorticoid regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is .

What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid-based hormones?

Thomas is a diabetic. While at work, he began to tremble, was somewhat disoriented, and showed signs similar to that of a drunk. One of his colleagues gave him some hard candy, which seemed to help him return to normal functions. Why? Was this a proper action, considering that Thomas is diabetic?

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus .

Figure 16.3Using Figure 16.3, match the following: -Produces aldosterone.

The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis.

Briefly discuss target cell activation by hormone- receptor interaction.

A man has been told that he is not synthesizing enough follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) , and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem.

John is a 26- year- old man who begins to notice a progressive enlargement of feet, hands, cranium, nose, and lower jaw bone. His doctor recommends a pituitary gland operation. What is the most likely diagnosis? Why?

Which of the following is not a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium?

Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second- messenger systems include .