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Exam 7: Linear Momentum

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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In a certain nuclear reactor, neutrons suddenly collide with carbon nuclei, which have 12 times the mass of neutrons. In a head-on elastic collision with a stationary carbon nucleus, what fraction of Its initial speed does the neutron have after the collision?

A) 5/6
B) 11/12
C) 1/12
D) 10/13
E) 11/13

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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A 900-kg car traveling east at 15.0 m/s suddenly collides with a 750-kg car traveling north at 20.0 m/s. The cars stick together after the collision. In what direction does the wreckage move just after the collision?

A) $45,0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { N } \text { of } \mathrm { E }$
B) $48.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { N } \text { of } E$
C) $36.9 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { N } \text { of } E$
D) $42.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { N } \text { of } \mathrm { E }$
E) $53.1 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { N } \text { of } \mathrm { E }$

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Question 23

Multiple Choice

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Two astronauts, of masses 60 kg and 80 kg, are initially right next to each other and at rest in outer space. They suddenly push each other apart. What is their separation after the heavier astronaut has moved 12 m?

A 50-g ball moving at 10 m/s in the +x direction suddenly collides head-on with a stationary ball of mass 100 g. If the collision is perfectly elastic, what is the velocity of each ball immediately after the collision?

An object initially at rest suddenly explodes in two fragments of masses 2.6 kg and 3.3 kg that move in opposite directions. If the speed of the first fragment is 3.6 m/s, find the internal energy of The explosion.

In the figure, determine the character of the collision. The masses of the blocks, and the velocities before and after, are shown. The collision is

A railroad car collides with and sticks to an identical railroad car that is initially at rest. After the collision, the kinetic energy of the system

If you want to double the kinetic energy of a gas molecule, by what factor must you increase its momentum?

A 14,000-kg boxcar is coasting at 1.50 m/s along a horizontal track when it suddenly hits and couples with a stationary 10,000-kg boxcar. What is the speed of the cars just after the collision?

A batter hits a 0.140-kg baseball that was approaching him at 30 m/s and, as a result, the ball leaves the bat at 40 m/s in the reverse of its original direction. The ball remains in contact with the bat for 2.0 ms. What is the magnitude of the average force exerted by the bat on the ball?

A 60.0-kg man stands at one end of a 20.0-kg uniform 10.0-m long board. How far from the man is the center of mass (or center of gravity) of the man-board system?

If a quantity you calculated had units of kg · m/s, what type of quantity could it be? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A 1200-kg cannon suddenly fires a 100-kg cannonball at 35 m/s. What is the recoil speed of the cannon? Assume that frictional forces are negligible and the cannon is fired horizontally.

A 1.0-g bead is at (-2.0 cm, 2.0 cm), a 2.0-g bead is at (2.0 cm, -4.0 cm), and a 3.0-g bead is at (2.0 cm, 0.0 cm). What are the coordinates of the center of mass (or center of gravity) of this system of beads?

In a game of pool, the white cue ball hits the #5 ball and stops, while the #5 ball moves away with the same velocity as the cue ball had originally. Both balls have the same mass. This type of collision is

Two astronauts, of masses 60 kg and 80 kg, are initially right next to each other and at rest in outer space. They suddenly push each other apart. How far has the heavier astronaut moved when the lighter astronaut has moved 12 m?

Two objects of different mass have equal, non-zero kinetic energies. Which object has the greater magnitude momentum?

Two ice skaters suddenly push off against one another starting from a stationary position. The 45-kg skater acquires a speed of 0.375 m/s relative to the ice. What speed does the 60-kg skater acquire relative to the ice?

The momentum of an isolated system is conserved

A dinner plate falls vertically to the floor and breaks up into three pieces, which slide horizontally along the floor. Immediately after the impact, a 320-g piece moves along the +x -axis with a speed of 2.00 m/s and a 355-g piece moves along the +y -axis with a speed of 1.50 m/s. The third piece has a mass of 100 g. In what direction relative to the +x -axis does the third piece move?