Question 1

The authors of your text report instances of teens "surfing" on the tops of electric trains in Brazil and on cars in the U.S.and Australia.Which of the following is the best social psychological approach to explain such dangerous behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)   the power of normative social influence
B)   the power of informational social influence
C)   these teens have "excitement seeking" personalities
D)   these are usually delinquent teens using this activity for gang initiations
E)   the power of obedience to authority figuresF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Results of a meta-analysis conducted by Alice Eagly and Linda Carli (1981) ,which combined data from over 21,000 research participants in all kinds of conformity studies,have revealed that when it comes to conformity,

Accepted Answer

A)   men are actually more easily influenced than women.
B)   women are only slightly more "influenceable" than men.
C)   women appear more conforming in experiments, but men appear more conforming in surveys.
D)   there is no gender difference in the extent to which people are influenced.
E)   men appear more conforming in experiments, but women appear more conforming in surveys.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Julio was asked to wear a button that said "Drive Safely." Fred was asked to wear a button that said "Save the Whales." Luisa was asked to give $100 to the "Drivers Safety Fund." Maria was not asked to do anything.According to the foot-in-the-door theory,who would be more likely to agree to put a huge "Drive Carefully" sign in his or her front yard?

Accepted Answer

A)   Luisa, because she will be more likely to comply with a small request than a large request
B)   Julio or Fred would be equally because they both complied with a "small" favour, and will now feel obligated to do a "large" favour
C)   Julio, because he now thinks of himself as a person who believes in the issue of safe driving
D)   Maria, because she has not already "paid her dues" by wearing a button
E)   Maria, because she would experience guilt for her lack of participationF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Victor goes to a fancy French restaurant.There are utensils on the table that he's never even seen before,and more spoons and forks than he's ever seen on one table.Eager to dine in an appropriate and sophisticated way,Victor secretly watches other diners to see what they do.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   informational social influence.
B)   normative social influence.
C)   unintentional social influence.
D)   situational interdependence.
E)   normative conformity.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

In an alternative version of his original experiment,Stanley Milgram used two experimenters who began to disagree with each other when the participants administered 150 volts and the learner began to complain.In this variation,participants refused to continue.According to the authors of your text,this variation demonstrates the importance of _______ in influencing obedience.

Accepted Answer

A)   the door-in-the-face effect
B)   unanimous normative influence
C)   peer acceptance
D)   clear informational influence
E)   the foot-in-the-door effectF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Reverse psychology is achieving compliance through

Accepted Answer

A)   raising the price after a customer has agreed to purchase a product.
B)   beginning with a large request then backing down to a smaller request when the first one is refused.
C)   strategically getting someone to contradict you.
D)   misleading a person into thinking you want one thing when actually you want another.
E)   beginning with a small request which, if complied with, is followed by a larger requestF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Social psychologists use the term _______ to describe behaviour change in response to a direct request from another person.

Accepted Answer

A)   repression
B)   obedience
C)   compliance
D)   concession
E)   conformityF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 8

"Jeer pressure" is related to which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)   expert advice
B)   private acceptance
C)   ambiguity of the situation
D)   contagion
E)   normative social influenceF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 9

According to your text,the way we understand the concept of "conformity" is shaped by

Accepted Answer

A)   our cultural value for individualism.
B)   social psychologists.
C)   internal pressures.
D)   gender differences.
E)   personality differences.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 10

Recall that Stanley Milgram conducted a variation on his original obedience experiment.In this variation,there were two confederates in addition to the participant.When the participant threw the switch at 150 volts,one of the confederates refused to continue,even though the experimenter commanded that they do so.In this variation,only about 10% (compared to about 65% in the original study) went to the highest shock level.This experimental variation demonstrated the power of _______ in eliciting obedience.

Accepted Answer

A)   normative social influence
B)   the lowballing technique
C)   the door-in-the-face effect
D)   a non-unanimous majority
E)   informational social influenceF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

In alternative versions of his original experiments,Stanley Milgram collected data that indicated informational social influence as a source of participants' destructive obedience.More specifically,Milgram found that

Accepted Answer

A)   participants who were instructed to place the learner's hand on a shock plate refused to administer severe shocks.
B)   participants administered less severe shocks when the experimenter left the room and a (confederate)  co-teacher gave the instructions to continue.
C)   culture plays a key role in how likely the participant was to administer the full range of shocks.
D)   when the experimenter volunteered to flip the switches, participants were less likely to administer severe shocks.
E)   when the learner complained of a heart condition, participants were less likely to shock him.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 12

Mark is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.He just joined a Welfare Reform Committee made up of nine Liberals.Mark holds a minority opinion on this issue.If Mark wants his opinion to influence the group's final recommendations,he should

Accepted Answer

A)   express a consistent, unwavering viewpoint.
B)   remain quiet to avoid upsetting the group.
C)   adjust his opinion to better fit the opinion of the majority.
D)   express his opinion, but voice the Liberal viewpoint from time to time as well.
E)   express his opinion once and then remain quiet.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments found themselves caught between two norms: "obey legitimate authorities" and "do not inflict needless harm." According to the text,why was it especially difficult for participants to abandon the "obey authority" norm in favor of the "do no harm" norm?

Accepted Answer

A)   The experimenter was in the same room and was a more salient normative stimulus than was the learner.
B)   Participants were concerned they would lose the rewards they were promised for participating if they did not continue.
C)   Task distractions and the fast pace made it difficult to decide that the "obey authority" norm was no longer appropriate.
D)   Many participants had served in the military and had internalized the "obey authority" norm.
E)   Participants were more concerned about how the experimenter would evaluate them than with how the learner would.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Given the role of informational and normative social influence processes in contributing to participants' willingness to shock a confederate learner (e.g.,Milgram,1974) ,which of the following situations would yield the least obedience?

Accepted Answer

A)   Before leaving the room, two experimenters disagree on instructions before finally telling participants to take their time and choose their own shock levels.
B)   The experimenter tells the participant they must continue, but do not explain why.
C)   The experimenter tells participants that the learner will later be allowed to administer shocks to them.
D)   The experimenter administers shocks to himself to demonstrate that the shocks are not lethal.
E)   The experimenter tells participants that the best teacher will be awarded a prize at the conclusion of the experiment.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

One disadvantage of the door-in-the-face technique is that

Accepted Answer

A)   conformity is likely to be short-lived.
B)   extreme requests often generate suspicions.
C)   it has a low rate of success.
D)   those who comply expect continuing reciprocation.
E)   psychological reactance is often generated.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 16

In Milgram's "obedience to authority"study,people were asked to increase the shocks they administered in very small increments.This aspect of those experiments increased the total shock that people administered by capitalizing on

Accepted Answer

A)   the increase in certainty that is produced by informational social influence.
B)   people's fear of authority figures.
C)   the gradually escalating effects of the door-in-the-face technique.
D)   the increasing fear of rejection that results from normative social influence.
E)   the process of self-justification and the reduction of cognitive dissonance.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 17

An important feature of informational social influence is that it often leads to

Accepted Answer

A)   private acceptance.
B)   obedience.
C)   decreased self-esteem.
D)   public compliance.
E)   normative pressures.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986) conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that

Accepted Answer

A)   there were remarkable changes in standards of beauty in North America during the twentieth century.
B)   there have never been greater pressures for women to be thin than during the 1970s.
C)   there have never been greater pressures for women to be thin than during the 1960s.
D)   in contrast to women in other countries, women in North America have consistently aspired to "lean" and "thin."
E)   foreign issues of these magazines contained photos of more buxom (i.e., voluptuous and heavy)  women.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

Normative social influence often results in _______ but not _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   individuation; total independence.
B)   private compliance; public acceptance.
C)   private acceptance; public compliance.
D)   total independence; individuation.
E)   public compliance; private acceptance.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

When we conform to others' behaviours or attitudes because we believe that their interpretations of an ambiguous situation are more accurate than ours,_______ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)   informational social influence
B)   educated conformity
C)   unintentional social influence
D)   normative social influence
E)   intended social influenceF) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Exam 7: Conformity

Reverse psychology is achieving compliance through

Correct Answer
verified

When we conform to others' behaviours or attitudes because we believe that their interpretations of an ambiguous situation are more accurate than ours,_______ has occurred.

Correct Answer
verified

Normative social influence often results in _ but not _.

Correct Answer
verified

An important feature of informational social influence is that it often leads to

Correct Answer
verified

According to your text,the way we understand the concept of "conformity" is shaped by

Correct Answer
verified

In alternative versions of his original experiments,Stanley Milgram collected data that indicated informational social influence as a source of participants' destructive obedience.More specifically,Milgram found that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

"Jeer pressure" is related to which of the following concepts?

Correct Answer
verified

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986) conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that

Correct Answer
verified

One disadvantage of the door-in-the-face technique is that

Correct Answer
verified

Results of a meta-analysis conducted by Alice Eagly and Linda Carli (1981) ,which combined data from over 21,000 research participants in all kinds of conformity studies,have revealed that when it comes to conformity,

Correct Answer
verified

The authors of your text report instances of teens "surfing" on the tops of electric trains in Brazil and on cars in the U.S.and Australia.Which of the following is the best social psychological approach to explain such dangerous behaviour?

Correct Answer
verified

Victor goes to a fancy French restaurant.There are utensils on the table that he's never even seen before,and more spoons and forks than he's ever seen on one table.Eager to dine in an appropriate and sophisticated way,Victor secretly watches other diners to see what they do.This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Mark is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.He just joined a Welfare Reform Committee made up of nine Liberals.Mark holds a minority opinion on this issue.If Mark wants his opinion to influence the group's final recommendations,he should

Correct Answer
verified

Social psychologists use the term _______ to describe behaviour change in response to a direct request from another person.

Correct Answer
verified

In Milgram's "obedience to authority"study,people were asked to increase the shocks they administered in very small increments.This aspect of those experiments increased the total shock that people administered by capitalizing on

Correct Answer
verified

Given the role of informational and normative social influence processes in contributing to participants' willingness to shock a confederate learner (e.g.,Milgram,1974) ,which of the following situations would yield the least obedience?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Conformity

Reverse psychology is achieving compliance through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When we conform to others' behaviours or attitudes because we believe that their interpretations of an ambiguous situation are more accurate than ours,_______ has occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normative social influence often results in _______ but not _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An important feature of informational social influence is that it often leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to your text,the way we understand the concept of "conformity" is shaped by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In alternative versions of his original experiments,Stanley Milgram collected data that indicated informational social influence as a source of participants' destructive obedience.More specifically,Milgram found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Jeer pressure" is related to which of the following concepts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Brett Silverstein and colleagues (1986) conducted an archival analysis of photographs of women appearing in Vogue and Ladies Home Journal from 1901 to 1981.These researchers found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One disadvantage of the door-in-the-face technique is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Results of a meta-analysis conducted by Alice Eagly and Linda Carli (1981) ,which combined data from over 21,000 research participants in all kinds of conformity studies,have revealed that when it comes to conformity,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The authors of your text report instances of teens "surfing" on the tops of electric trains in Brazil and on cars in the U.S.and Australia.Which of the following is the best social psychological approach to explain such dangerous behaviour?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Victor goes to a fancy French restaurant.There are utensils on the table that he's never even seen before,and more spoons and forks than he's ever seen on one table.Eager to dine in an appropriate and sophisticated way,Victor secretly watches other diners to see what they do.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mark is a member of the Conservative Party of Canada.He just joined a Welfare Reform Committee made up of nine Liberals.Mark holds a minority opinion on this issue.If Mark wants his opinion to influence the group's final recommendations,he should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social psychologists use the term _______ to describe behaviour change in response to a direct request from another person.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Milgram's "obedience to authority"study,people were asked to increase the shocks they administered in very small increments.This aspect of those experiments increased the total shock that people administered by capitalizing on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given the role of informational and normative social influence processes in contributing to participants' willingness to shock a confederate learner (e.g.,Milgram,1974) ,which of the following situations would yield the least obedience?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Normative social influence often results in _ but not _.

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