Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding nuclear stability is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Isotopes with excess mass tend to undergo alpha decay.
B)  Isotopes with an N/Z ratio that is too high tend to undergo beta decay.
C)  Isotopes with an N/Z ratio that is too low tend to undergo either positron emission or electron capture.
D)  Electron capture is the most common mode of decay for smaller isotopes.
E)  An energetically excited nucleus can undergo gamma emission.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

Select the most stable isotope from the following choices.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 3

What product is formed when  undergoes 6 alpha emissions and 3 beta emissions in a total of nine steps?

Accepted Answer

A)  lead-223
B)  mercury-223
C)  mercury-226
D)  bismuth-214
E)  lead-214F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Why is radon gas dangerous?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reacts chemically with lung tissue.
B)  It emits gamma rays.
C)  It undergoes fusion reactions, producing lots of energy.
D)  It undergoes fission reactions at a very high rate.
E)  Its decay products are radioactive solids that can attach to lung tissue and cause cell damage upon decay.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Protactinium-234 decays by beta emission to form a new nuclide.Identify the new nuclide.

Accepted Answer

A)  thorium-234
B)  uranium-234
C)  actinium-230
D)  francium-232
E)  thorium-233F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

In order for a chain reaction to be self-sustaining, there must be sufficient nuclear material present, and it must be in an appropriate physical configuration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Rank the following in order of increasing penetrating ability: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays.

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha particles 
B)  alpha particles 
C)  gamma rays 
D)  beta particles 
E)  beta particles < gamma rays < alpha particlesF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding nuclear stability is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The N/Z ratio is about 1 for the first 20 elements.
B)  The N/Z ratio is about 1.6 for elements at the upper end of the band of stability.
C)  An N/Z ratio of 1 means that an element has an equal number of protons and electrons.
D)  Elements outside the band of stability are radioactive.
E)  All isotopes with Z greater than 83 are radioactive.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

The half-life of iodine-131 is 8.1 days.How much of a 75.0 mg sample will remain after 24.3 days?

Accepted Answer

A)  75.0 mg
B)  37.5 mg
C)  18.8 mg
D)  9.38 mg
E)  4.68 mgF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Predict the type of radiation that should be emitted when oxygen-18 undergoes radioactive decay.

Accepted Answer

A)  beta particle (  ) emission
B)  alpha particle emission
C)  positron emission
D)  neutron emission
E)  proton emissionF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding nuclear chemistry is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the lighter elements that are stable, the neutron to proton ratio is about 2.
B)  Nuclides inside the band of stability are radioactive.
C)  A positron is a particle that is similar to an electron, except that it has a positive charge.
D)  A beta particle is a particle that has less penetrating ability than an alpha particle.
E)  An alpha particle is equivalent to the nucleus of a hydrogen atom.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Identify the particle emitted by the nucleus that undergoes the transformation shown in the figure.

Accepted Answer

A)  an alpha particle
B)  a beta particle (electron) 
C)  a positron
D)  a gamma ray
E)  a neutronF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following isotopes would be the best choice for use with PET?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Carbon-11 radioactively decays by positron emission with a half-life of 20.4 minutes.If a dosage of carbon-11 is administered to a patient for a PET scan, what percentage of carbon-11 will remain in the patient's system after 81.6 min?

Accepted Answer

A)  75.0%
B)  12.5%
C)  87.5%
D)  25.0%
E)  6.25%F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 15

The critical mass is the amount of fissionable material necessary to support a continuing chain reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Fission involves the one, and the release of energy.

Accepted Answer

splitting ...

Question 17

The half-life of iodine-123 is 13.3 hours.How much of a 50.0 mg sample will remain after 39.9 hours?

Accepted Answer

A)  50.0 mg
B)  25.0 mg
C)  12.5 mg
D)  6.25 mg
E)  3.12 mgF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

Which process increases the atomic number of an element by one?

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma ray emission
B)  alpha particle emission
C)  beta particle emission
D)  positron emission
E)  electron captureF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Uranium-238 decays by alpha emission to form a new nuclide.Identify the new nuclide.

Accepted Answer

A)  neptunium-238
B)  protactinium-238
C)  thorium-234
D)  thorium-238
E)  uranium-235F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Potassium-40 decays by beta emission to form a new nuclide.Identify the new nuclide.

Accepted Answer

A)  argon-40
B)  chlorine-36
C)  calcium-40
D)  calcium-39
E)  phosphorus-38F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Exam 15: Nuclear Chemistry

Protactinium-234 decays by beta emission to form a new nuclide.Identify the new nuclide.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order for a chain reaction to be self-sustaining, there must be sufficient nuclear material present, and it must be in an appropriate physical configuration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Uranium-238 decays by alpha emission to form a new nuclide.Identify the new nuclide.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following isotopes would be the best choice for use with PET?

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Why is radon gas dangerous?

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Which of the following statements regarding nuclear stability is incorrect?

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Which of the following statements regarding nuclear chemistry is correct?

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The half-life of iodine-131 is 8.1 days.How much of a 75.0 mg sample will remain after 24.3 days?

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Identify the particle emitted by the nucleus that undergoes the transformation shown in the figure.

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Fission involves the one, and the release of energy.

Correct Answerverifiedsplitting ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which process increases the atomic number of an element by one?

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Select the most stable isotope from the following choices.

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Rank the following in order of increasing penetrating ability: alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays.

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What product is formed when undergoes 6 alpha emissions and 3 beta emissions in a total of nine steps?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The critical mass is the amount of fissionable material necessary to support a continuing chain reaction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The half-life of iodine-123 is 13.3 hours.How much of a 50.0 mg sample will remain after 39.9 hours?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Predict the type of radiation that should be emitted when oxygen-18 undergoes radioactive decay.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium-40 decays by beta emission to form a new nuclide.Identify the new nuclide.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carbon-11 radioactively decays by positron emission with a half-life of 20.4 minutes.If a dosage of carbon-11 is administered to a patient for a PET scan, what percentage of carbon-11 will remain in the patient's system after 81.6 min?

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Which of the following statements regarding nuclear stability is incorrect?

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splitting ...
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