Question 1

When is intervention most effective in preventing insecure attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)   When the intervention occurs early.
B)   If the family has a history of maltreatment.
C)   Both when the intervention occurs early and if the family has a history of maltreatment.
D)   Neither when the intervention occurs early nor if the family has a history of maltreatment.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Which goal is NOT taught to parents by the ABC intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)   providing nurturance to the child
B)   following the child's lead
C)   avoiding frightening behaviors
D)   changing maladaptive representations of parent-child relationshipsE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

What prompted the study of parent child attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)   interviews with parents of children with Down syndrome.
B)   observations of children growing up in orphanages during World War II.
C)   studies of aggression in pets.
D)   an analysis of children who were physically abused by their parents.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

The self-concept refers to one's

Accepted Answer

A)   physical appearance.
B)   thoughts and attitudes about oneself.
C)   personality and intelligence.
D)   comparison to others.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

When the presence of a trusted caregiver provides an infant or toddler with the ability to explore the environment, the child is using the caregiver as a

Accepted Answer

A)   security object.
B)   dependent attachment figure.
C)   secure base.
D)   working model.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

According to the Human Rights Campaign (2018) , in the United States, _____ states have enacted anti-bullying laws that protect LGBTQ students.

Accepted Answer

A)   5
B)   12
C)   19
D)   allE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE about the coming-out process for sexual-minority youth?

Accepted Answer

A)   Same-sex attraction is experienced by middle childhood.
B)   Identity integration is eventually attained.
C)   Self-identification as a sexual-minority member occurs prior to engagement in same-sex sexual activity.
D)   Sexual-minority youth usually "come out" to a friend, peer, or sibling prior to parents.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

What has been demonstrated by research on the links between specific genes and attachment behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is no clear evidence linking genes and attachment.
B)   Insecure attachments, but not secure attachments, have a strong genetic component.
C)   Certain genes cause individuals to be more sensitive to the quality of the environment.
D)   Links between adult attachment and infant attachment are a result of shared genetics.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Young adolescents' self-conceptions are NOT

Accepted Answer

A)   abstract.
B)   focused to a considerable degree on their social competence.
C)   often seemingly contradictory.
D)   consistent and stable.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Research has found that adult use of inflated praise is

Accepted Answer

A)   harmful for children who have low self-esteem.
B)   most effective with children who have low self-esteem.
C)   harmful for children who have high self-esteem.
D)   not effective with children who have high self-esteem.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

In 2017, hate crimes against sexual-minority youth made up _____ of all hate crimes in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)   5%
B)   8%
C)   16%
D)   24%E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

In regard to culture and self-esteem, scores on measures of self-esteem

Accepted Answer

A)   do not differ across cultures.
B)   differ across cultures because there are genetic differences in the average level of self-esteem in different cultures.
C)   differ across cultures because there are differences in the meaning of self-esteem in different cultures.
D)   differ across cultures because there are differences in the meaning of self-esteem and self-criticism in different cultures.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Charleen is currently in her teenage years. Her ideas about the self currently revolve around ideas related to egocentrism. These include the notion of a personal fable and a belief in an imaginary audience. Provide an example of each of these.

Accepted Answer

The personal fable is a form of adolesce...

Question 14

Abigail is sexually attracted to other females. She would be classified as

Accepted Answer

A)   a sexual-minority youth.
B)   having a bicultural identity.
C)   experiencing acculturation.
D)   a gender-minority youth.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

As children become adolescents, their self-esteem increasingly becomes based on

Accepted Answer

A)   their academic achievement.
B)   their own internalized standards.
C)   peers' evaluations.
D)   their appearance.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

As children enter adolescence, they tend to increasingly rely on which influence to evaluate themselves?

Accepted Answer

A)   peer evaluations
B)   parental evaluations
C)   teacher standards
D)   internalized standardsE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Who is MORE likely to have a less consistent ethnic identity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Amanda, who is white
B)   Juan, who currently lives in the United States but is originally from Brazil
C)   Marcellus, who is African American
D)   AviYah, whose mother is white and father is African AmericanE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Erikson believed that all adolescents experience

Accepted Answer

A)   identity confusion.
B)   identity foreclosure.
C)   an identity crisis.
D)   identity moratorium.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Parental sensitivity does NOT involve

Accepted Answer

A)   responding quickly to the needs of a crying baby.
B)   smiling, laughing, and making sounds at a baby.
C)   being emotionally available.
D)   inconsistency in responding to an infant.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which statement about the association between infants' behavior in the Strange Situation and their behavior at home is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants classified as securely attached in the Strange Situation often appear more insecurely attached at home.
B)   The behaviors of infants classified as insecure in the Strange Situation often switch, with insecure/resistant infants appearing more avoidant in the home and insecure/avoidant infants appearing more clingy in the home.
C)   Infants' behavior in the Strange Situation is related to interactions with their mothers at home.
D)   There is little association between infants' behavior in the two settings.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 11: Attachment to Others and Development of Self

In 2017, hate crimes against sexual-minority youth made up _____ of all hate crimes in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the presence of a trusted caregiver provides an infant or toddler with the ability to explore the environment, the child is using the caregiver as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has been demonstrated by research on the links between specific genes and attachment behaviors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In regard to culture and self-esteem, scores on measures of self-esteem

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who is MORE likely to have a less consistent ethnic identity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As children become adolescents, their self-esteem increasingly becomes based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE about the coming-out process for sexual-minority youth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When is intervention most effective in preventing insecure attachment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Charleen is currently in her teenage years. Her ideas about the self currently revolve around ideas related to egocentrism. These include the notion of a personal fable and a belief in an imaginary audience. Provide an example of each of these.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe personal fable is a form of adolesce...View AnswerShow Answer

The self-concept refers to one's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As children enter adolescence, they tend to increasingly rely on which influence to evaluate themselves?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about the association between infants' behavior in the Strange Situation and their behavior at home is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Erikson believed that all adolescents experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Human Rights Campaign (2018) , in the United States, _____ states have enacted anti-bullying laws that protect LGBTQ students.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parental sensitivity does NOT involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which goal is NOT taught to parents by the ABC intervention?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has found that adult use of inflated praise is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What prompted the study of parent child attachment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abigail is sexually attracted to other females. She would be classified as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Young adolescents' self-conceptions are NOT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The personal fable is a form of adolesce...
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