Question 1

Affirmative action was:

Accepted Answer

A)   found unconstitutional during the Nixon administration.
B)   mandated by law only for construction workers.
C)   first pursued and then abandoned by the Nixon administration.
D)   never a priority during the Nixon administration.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Tear Down This Wall (1987) 
Ronald Reagan
Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city, part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe. From the Baltic, south, those barriers cut across Germany in a gash of barbed wire, concrete, dog runs, and guardtowers. . . .
In the 1950s, Khrushchev predicted: "We will bury you." But in the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history. In the Communist world, we see failure, technological backwardness, declining standards of health, even want of the most basic kind-too little food. Even today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself. After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion: Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor. . . .
As I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag, that embodiment of German unity, I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the wall, perhaps by a young Berliner: "This wall will fall. Beliefs become reality." Yes, across Europe, this wall will fall. For it cannot withstand faith; it cannot withstand truth. The wall cannot withstand freedom.
-Which contemporary trend best describes the fundamental values articulated by Reagan?

Accepted Answer

A)   globalization of trade and information as catalysts to democratic movements
B)   the outsourcing of manufacturing and services
C)   the fall of oppressive dictatorships in the Middle East
D)   the widespread adoption of free market principles and capitalismE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Mikhail Gorbachev:

Accepted Answer

A)   accused Reagan of presiding over an "evil empire."
B)   inaugurated political openness and economic reform in the Soviet Union.
C)   was reviled by Reagan for his unwillingness to negotiate arms reduction.
D)   ensured the Soviet Union would continue as a strong ally of the United States in the future.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

What was Reagan's reaction to the air traffic controllers' strike?

Accepted Answer

A)   He ordered permanent military jurisdiction for the nation's air traffic control system.
B)   He convinced those on strike to come back to the bargaining table and renegotiate their contracts.
C)   He fired all of the air traffic controllers on strike.
D)   He had the Justice Department sue PATCO, the air traffic controllers' union.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

The "Second Gilded Age":

Accepted Answer

A)   could describe the 1980s, a decade where making deals was more profitable for companies than making products.
B)   was a Mondale-Ferraro 1984 campaign slogan slamming Reagan's coddling of the rich.
C)   could describe the 1980s, a decade where organized labor made substantial gains as it had in the 1890s.
D)   was the title of a 1980s documentary about "yuppies" who sold out to the financial establishment.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

The Moral Majority (1996) 
William Martin, With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America
This combination of covenantal thinking, conviction of divine mission, and profound awareness of human fallibility have marked American political institutions and movements from the Mayflower Compact to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, from the New Deal and New Frontier and Great Society, to the rise of the Moral Majority and the Christian Coalition and the construction of the Republican Party's 1994 Contract With America.
-Continued support for the political movement described in the excerpt is best represented by which of the following issues?

Accepted Answer

A)   the passage of laws exempting people from elements of the Civil Rights Acts based on their religious objection to gay marriage
B)   the prevalence of Roe v.Wade as judicial precedent
C)   the elimination of the "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" Policy by executive order
D)   wars against terrorism in Iraq and AfghanistanE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Why did the fight over busing become so violent in Boston in the mid-1970s?

Accepted Answer

A)   In Boston, the racial divisions were between African-Americans and Puerto Ricans as well as whites.
B)   The African-American community in Boston consisted only of very recent migrants from the South.
C)   Boston's politicians called on local residents to fight the busing order by all means necessary.
D)   Boston's tightly knit Irish-American community in South Boston fought integration violently.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis:

Accepted Answer

A)   was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter.
B)   restored Americans' confidence in their nation.
C)   made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept.
D)   made Ronald Reagan appear weak and inept.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

In 1975, the Vietnam War ended:

Accepted Answer

A)   as the only war lost by the United States.
B)   as a military, political, and social victory for the United States.
C)   leaving very few Vietnamese casualties.
D)   leaving many Americans optimistic.
E)   as a result of the U.S. invasion of Cambodia.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into:

Accepted Answer

A)   the psychiatrist Daniel Ellsberg's office.
B)   the Washington Post's headquarters.
C)   the Democratic Party headquarters.
D)   George McGovern's apartment.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

The election of 1980 reflected:

Accepted Answer

A)   the end of conservatism.
B)   the validation of big government.
C)   a return to progressivism.
D)   growing frustration over America's condition.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

What led to the congressional discovery that the FBI had spied on millions of Americans in the 1960s?

Accepted Answer

A)   The assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem.
B)   The invasion of Cambodia.
C)   The Church Committee investigations.
D)   The hearings in the wake of the Kent State shootings.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the presidential race in part because he:

Accepted Answer

A)   promised never to lie to Americans.
B)   pledged to pardon Richard Nixon.
C)   did not support affirmative action.
D)   was well connected within the Washington political scene.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

How did trickle-down economics claim to increase government tax revenues?

Accepted Answer

A)   By increasing the tariff.
B)   By lowering tax rates.
C)   By raising taxes.
D)   By lowering wages.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Why did the gay and lesbian movement become a major concern for members of the political right after the late 1960s?

Accepted Answer

A)   They understood that the popular gay movement could convert hundreds and thousands of impressionable youth.
B)   Thousands of new civil rights movements encouraged gays and lesbians to "come out."
C)   They feared that gays and lesbians might push for an end to the "don't ask, don't tell" policy.
D)   They suspected that many among their ranks were gay and lesbian themselves.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following comparisons of wage trends for 1953 to 1973 and 1973 to 1993 is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Wages were more equitable for women and minorities in the first period than in the second.
B)   Wage gains were typically eaten up by inflation in the first half.
C)   Nominal wages gradually sunk in the first half and rose in the second, but real wages behaved in the opposite way.
D)   Wages increased significantly in the first period but stagnated in the second.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Viet Cong lost access to its Ho Chi Minh Trail.
B)   South Vietnam gained increasing influence over a weak neighbor.
C)   The invasion destabilized the nation and ushered in a murderous regime.
D)   The impressive military action convinced communist China to approach the United States.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The economic condition known as stagflation was caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)   declining oil prices.
B)   low inflation rates.
C)   stagnant economic growth and low inflation.
D)   stagnant economic growth and high inflation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following assessments of the Carter administration in 1980 is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Without his masterful resolution to the Iranian hostage crisis, Carter's reelection would have been doubtful.
B)   Prior to Reagan's announcement that he was going to run for president, few Americans would have doubted Carter's reelection.
C)   Only Carter's defeat in the 1980 election saved him from almost certain impeachment by a heavily Republican Congress.
D)   Carter's approval ratings in 1980 had fallen lower than Nixon's at the time of his resignation.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Under the Nixon administration, the United States:

Accepted Answer

A)   supported the government of Salvador Allende in Chile.
B)   boycotted South Africa to protest apartheid.
C)   supported democratic reforms in Iran.
D)   continued to undermine Third World governments.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 26: The Conservative Turn, 1969-1988

What led to the congressional discovery that the FBI had spied on millions of Americans in the 1960s?

Correct Answer
verified

What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970?

Correct Answer
verified

The economic condition known as stagflation was caused by:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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What was Reagan's reaction to the air traffic controllers' strike?

Correct Answer
verified

Why did the gay and lesbian movement become a major concern for members of the political right after the late 1960s?

Correct Answer
verified

The "Second Gilded Age":

Correct Answer
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In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the presidential race in part because he:

Correct Answer
verified

The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following comparisons of wage trends for 1953 to 1973 and 1973 to 1993 is accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

Mikhail Gorbachev:

Correct Answer
verified

When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into:

Correct Answer
verified

In 1975, the Vietnam War ended:

Correct Answer
verified

The election of 1980 reflected:

Correct Answer
verified

How did trickle-down economics claim to increase government tax revenues?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following assessments of the Carter administration in 1980 is accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

Why did the fight over busing become so violent in Boston in the mid-1970s?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Affirmative action was:

Correct Answer
verified

Under the Nixon administration, the United States:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 26: The Conservative Turn, 1969-1988

What led to the congressional discovery that the FBI had spied on millions of Americans in the 1960s?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What were the results of the U.S. invasion of neutral Cambodia in 1970?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The economic condition known as stagflation was caused by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was Reagan's reaction to the air traffic controllers' strike?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why did the gay and lesbian movement become a major concern for members of the political right after the late 1960s?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "Second Gilded Age":

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the presidential race in part because he:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following comparisons of wage trends for 1953 to 1973 and 1973 to 1993 is accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mikhail Gorbachev:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1975, the Vietnam War ended:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The election of 1980 reflected:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did trickle-down economics claim to increase government tax revenues?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following assessments of the Carter administration in 1980 is accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why did the fight over busing become so violent in Boston in the mid-1970s?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Affirmative action was:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under the Nixon administration, the United States:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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