Question 1

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which molecule(s) shown is (are) ionized in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B and D
C)   C and D
D)   DE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   donates its 2 electrons to another atom
B)   shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom
C)   has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second shell
D)   has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shellE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

A)   They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
B)   They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
C)   They have the same chemical properties.
D)   They have different molecular formulas.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can be synthesized only by living organisms
B)   a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods
C)   living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products
D)   living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomenaE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid
B)   should dissolve in water
C)   should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent
D)   will not form hydrogen bonds with waterE) A) and B)
F) None of the above B

Question 7

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which of the functional groups shown helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   be more flexible in structure
B)   be more constrained in structure
C)   be more polar
D)   have more hydrogen atomsE) A) and B)
F) B) and C) B

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADP contains more energy than ATP.
B)   Following hydrolysis, ATP can give off one phosphate, whereas ADP cannot.
C)   ADP can have two positive charges.
D)   ATP can have four negative charges.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Use the following figure to answer the question.

The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   enantiomers
B)   structural isomers
C)   cis-trans isomers
D)   chain length isomersE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)   adenosine
B)   cytosine
C)   guanine
D)   uracilE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)   ionic
B)   hydrogen
C)   covalent
D)   ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bondsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the study of compounds made only by living cells.
B)   the study of carbon compounds.
C)   the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic)  compounds.
D)   the study of hydrocarbons.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

Accepted Answer

A)   hydroxyl
B)   carbonyl
C)   amino
D)   phosphateE) A) and B)
F) All of the above C

Question 16

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown is a thiol?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Use the following figure to answer the question.

The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   isotopes
B)   enantiomers
C)   cis-trans isomers
D)   structural isomersE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use ________ as one of the gases in his experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)   methane
B)   oxygen
C)   water
D)   ammoniaE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)   The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
B)   The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
C)   They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.
D)   They are less dense than water.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule(s) shown is (are) ionized in a cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Use the figures to answer the question. Which of the functional groups shown helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following figure to answer the question. The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figures to answer the question. Which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown is a thiol?

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Use the figures to answer the question. Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following figure to answer the question. The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use ________ as one of the gases in his experiment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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C

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