Question 1

In a simple interrupted time series design,

Accepted Answer

A)  the dependent variable is measured several times.
B)  some participants complete the dependent variable before the manipulation, whereas other participants complete the dependent variable after the manipulation.
C)  the independent variable is manipulated several times.
D)  none of these occur.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following confounds is most likely in research that studies children over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regression to the mean
B)  Selection bias
C)  History
D)  MaturationE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

When participants are selected for a pretest-posttest design because they have extremely low or extremely high scores on the dependent variable, researchers must be on the lookout for

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation.
B)  regression to the mean.
C)  local history effects.
D)  order effects.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

A researcher is studying the effects of sunspot activity on human emotions. In this study, sunspot activity is the

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable.
B)  independent variable.
C)  participant variable.
D)  quasi-independent variable.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

How do quasi-experimental designs differ from true experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do quasi-experimental designs differ from true...

Question 6

Adding a nonequivalent control group to an interrupted time series design

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminates the effects of local history.
B)  converts a quasi-experimental design to an experimental design.
C)  requires multiple replications.
D)  results in none of these.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

The perspective that argues that researchers should rely on many diverse ways of obtaining evidence in a study is

Accepted Answer

A)  empiricism.
B)  critical multiplism.
C)  quasi-experimentation.
D)  multiple replication.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Contemporary history is a problem

Accepted Answer

A)  in all experimental and quasi-experimental designs.
B)  when one group experiences an event that another group does not experience.
C)  in research that deals with current events.
D)  when another event occurs at the same time as the quasi-independent variable.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

When researchers want to distinguish age differences from cohort differences, they use

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal designs.
B)  cross-sectional designs.
C)  cross-sequential cohort designs.
D)  cross-lagged panel designs.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

In a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, the greatest threat to internal validity is

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation.
B)  local history.
C)  experimenter expectancy.
D)  reactivity.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Unlike an independent variable, a quasi-independent variable

Accepted Answer

A)  has only one level.
B)  is a personality characteristic.
C)  is not varied by the researcher.
D)  is held constant.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Why do researchers often need to "patch up" quasi-experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

Researchers often need to "patch up" qua...

Question 13

In general, quasi-experiments

Accepted Answer

A)  do not control extraneous variables as well as experiments do.
B)  are not useful for answering real-world questions.
C)  lack realism.
D)  cannot be analyzed statistically.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Compared to true experiments, quasi-experiments tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  have lower internal validity.
B)  involve fewer participants.
C)  be used more for research on nonhuman animals.
D)  have lower external validity.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

What are the primary threats to internal validity when a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is used?

Accepted Answer

The nonequivalent control group pretest-...

Question 16

Researchers "patch-up" quasi-experimental designs by

Accepted Answer

A)  adding comparison groups.
B)  measuring hypothesized mediators.
C)  measuring additional dependent variables.
D)  doing all of these.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

What are pre-experimental designs, and why should they never be used?

Accepted Answer

Pre-experimental designs are a category ...

Question 18

Quasi-experimental designs differ from experimental designs in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Quasi-experiments have multiple dependent variables.
B)  Quasi-experiments do not involve random assignment of participants to conditions.
C)  Quasi-experiments study personality variables rather than situational influences.
D)  Quasi-experiments are conducted outside of a laboratory.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

If quasi-experimental designs are usually not as internally valid as experiments, why do researchers use them?

Accepted Answer

Quasi-experimental designs are research ...

Question 20

Which of the following threats to internal validity is present in a one-group pretest-posttest design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation
B)  History
C)  Testing effect
D)  All of these answers are correctE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 13: Quasi-Experimental Designs

Which of the following confounds is most likely in research that studies children over time?

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Adding a nonequivalent control group to an interrupted time series design

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do quasi-experimental designs differ from true experimental designs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the primary threats to internal validity when a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is used?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe nonequivalent control group pretest-...View AnswerShow Answer

A researcher is studying the effects of sunspot activity on human emotions. In this study, sunspot activity is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are pre-experimental designs, and why should they never be used?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIPre-experimental designs are a category ...View AnswerShow Answer

Quasi-experimental designs differ from experimental designs in which of the following ways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contemporary history is a problem

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following threats to internal validity is present in a one-group pretest-posttest design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a simple interrupted time series design,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, the greatest threat to internal validity is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, quasi-experiments

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to true experiments, quasi-experiments tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do researchers often need to "patch up" quasi-experimental designs?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIResearchers often need to "patch up" qua...View AnswerShow Answer

When participants are selected for a pretest-posttest design because they have extremely low or extremely high scores on the dependent variable, researchers must be on the lookout for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If quasi-experimental designs are usually not as internally valid as experiments, why do researchers use them?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIQuasi-experimental designs are research ...View AnswerShow Answer

Unlike an independent variable, a quasi-independent variable

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When researchers want to distinguish age differences from cohort differences, they use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers "patch-up" quasi-experimental designs by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The perspective that argues that researchers should rely on many diverse ways of obtaining evidence in a study is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The nonequivalent control group pretest-...
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Pre-experimental designs are a category ...
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Researchers often need to "patch up" qua...
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Quasi-experimental designs are research ...
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