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According to continuity theory, older adults adapt to new challenges and struggles by continuously developing novel and unique problem-solving strategies.

A) True
B) False

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Discuss the competence-environmental press approach and how it relates to the adaptation level, the zone of maximum comfort and the zone of maximum performance potential

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Truehis model focuses on the relationshi...

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Competence refers to the upper limit of a person's ability to function in five different domains, including physical health, sensory-perceptual skills, motor skills, cognitive skills, and ego strength.

A) True
B) False

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Retirement always involves the loss of


A) integrity.
B) maximum performance potential.
C) autonomy.
D) occupational identity.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Krause and colleagues (2000) have found that the process of turning problems over to God involves three specific steps.

A) True
B) False

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Why is it that defining retirement is such a difficult task?


A) Because retirement is legal term that has different meanings depending on the state in which you live.
B) Because retirement is such a painful experience for most people.
C) Because there is no standard age by which people are required to retire in the United States of America.
D) Because people usually focus on the losses associated with retirement and disregard the gains.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Marcia is caring for her husband, Andrew, who suffers from advanced Alzheimer's disease. She has accepted her role as Andrew's caretaker willingly and without hesitation. How is Marcia likely to rate her satisfaction with her marriage?


A) She is likely to report that her level of marital satisfaction has not changed since her husband became ill.
B) She is likely to report very high marital satisfaction, as caring for her husband makes her feel like she is fulfilling her vow to love "in sickness and in health."
C) She is likely to report that her marriage provides her with no satisfaction at all, since she only gives and no longer receives.
D) She is likely to report lower marital satisfaction as a result of the strain of being her husband's caretaker.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of older couples?


A) they have selective memory regarding the occurrence of negative events in their relationship
B) they have a greater potential for pleasure with their partner
C) they are similar in terms of their mental and physical health
D) they have an increased potential for marital conflict

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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________ health refers to an individual's ability to perform the various types of activities of daily living without assistance.


A) Functional
B) Useful
C) Meaningful
D) Instrumental

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Actions that require some intellectual competence and planning are called _______ activities of daily living.


A) essential
B) adaptive
C) componential
D) instrumental

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Martha is an older woman who is very ill and requires regular caretaking. Her husband, Henry, and her son, Chip, both share in her caretaking duties. Which of the following statements accurately reflects Chip and Henry's perceptions of the rewards of caring for Martha?


A) Both Chip and Henry will report very high levels of reward as a result of caring for Martha.
B) Neither Chip nor Henry will report that caring for Martha produces any rewards.
C) Chip will experience more rewards as a result of caring for Martha than Henry will.
D) Henry will experience more rewards as a result of caring for Martha than Chip will.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Mickey regularly practices ________. Each day he allows a set period of time when he will be able to engage in this activity. If he were to undergo neurological research, there would probably be evidence that the attention systems in his brain are more organized.


A) a musical instrument
B) the martial arts
C) meditation
D) tai chi

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Women tend to spend much more time than men planning their retirement.

A) True
B) False

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During which age period has research found the lowest average levels of life-satisfaction?


A) 15-20 years
B) 21-30 years
C) 41-50 years
D) 61-70 years

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Winecoff and colleagues (2011) used several methods to assess changes in cognitive performance and emotional behavior as adults age. Which of the following areas were NOT measured as part of this research?


A) immediate recall
B) delayed recall
C) recognition
D) distributed practice

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Amanda is a very old woman, and knows that she is very near the end of her life. Lately she has spent quite a bit of time reflecting on her life, thinking about her accomplishments and wondering if her days have been well-spent. According to Erikson, Amanda is currently negotiating the struggle of


A) integrity versus despair.
B) generativity versus stagnation.
C) positive end versus negative end.
D) identity versus isolation.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Research has found that Asian caregivers of ________ patients who are more religious report being able to handle the stresses and burdens of caregiving better than nonreligious caregivers.


A) cancer
B) dementia
C) surgery
D) dying

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Tomas is a very unscrupulous con-artist. He behaves in a loving and friendly manner toward his grandmother, but when she is not looking he regularly takes her credit cards from her purse and makes unauthorized purchases. He makes sure not to buy things that are too big so that she won't notice them on her statements, but over the last year he has bilked her out of over $5,000. What sort of elder abuse is Tomas engaged in?


A) material exploitation
B) physical abuse
C) emotional abuse
D) neglect

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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________ refers to the desertion of an older adult by an individual who had physical custody or otherwise had assumed responsibility for providing care for the older adult.


A) Self-neglect
B) Abandonment
C) Neglect
D) Physical abuse

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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In the United States of America on any given day, about _____ percent of older adults reside in a long-term care facility.


A) 5
B) 15
C) 25
D) 35

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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