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The European great powers welcomed a civil war in the United States for all of the following reasons except


A) war would weaken the power of the United States in the western hemisphere.
B) a divided America would likely put a halt to European immigration.
C) they could play the two nations off against one another in a game of balance of power.
D) their existing colonies would be safe against further American expansion.
E) they might more readily seize new colonial territory in the Americas.

F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

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Napoleon III's installation of Archduke Maximilian on the Mexican throne was a clear violation of


A) French neutrality.
B) Mexican revolutionary principles.
C) American warnings.
D) the Monroe Doctrine.
E) Pan-American treaties.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Abraham Lincoln was able to overcome his political problems more readily than Jefferson Davis because he


A) headed a long-established and fully recognized government.
B) had strong political support from Britain and France.
C) enjoyed unified political support in the North.
D) whipped his Cabinet into line behind his policies.
E) had more extensive administrative experience.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Lincoln's initial declaration that the North fought only to preserve the Union and not to abolish slavery


A) came as a disappointment to most northerners.
B) was made essentially to keep the Border States in the Union.
C) was understood as politically necessary by most abolitionists.
D) contradicted the campaign promises of the Republican party.
E) cost him support in the "Butternut region" of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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During the Civil War, the Union


A) launched a new national banking system.
B) lowered tariff rates.
C) imposed a 10 percent tax surcharge on agricultural products.
D) experienced runaway inflation.
E) was plagued by unstable banks.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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As the Civil War began, the South had the advantage of


A) more talented political leaders.
B) more talented military leaders.
C) superior industrial capabilities.
D) greater manpower.
E) a stronger navy.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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The South believed that Britain would come to its aid because


A) ordinary British people would sympathize with its fight for independence.
B) British Canada was strongly hostile to the Union.
C) the British recognized the economic need for slavery.
D) the government had refused to allow Uncle Tom's Cabin to be sold within the British Empire.
E) Britain was economically dependent on Southern cotton.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A new industry that came into its own during the Civil War was


A) textile manufacturing.
B) the petroleum industry.
C) wheat farming.
D) foreign shipping.
E) steel manufacturing.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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President Lincoln's approach to what to do about the situation at Fort Sumter in the first weeks of his administration can best be characterized as


A) belligerent.
B) ambiguous.
C) manipulative.
D) weak.
E) cautious.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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France abandoned its attempt to control Mexico


A) because the French working class opposed the effort.
B) when the British pressured them to leave.
C) when it decided not to recognize the Confederacy.
D) because the Mexicans declared independence.
E) because the United States threatened to send its army against the French in Mexico.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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The Confederate navy's commerce-raiders such as the Alabama


A) were largely a nuisance to northern merchant shipping.
B) proved devastatingly effective against Union shipping.
C) depended on their ability to use French and British ports.
D) had little effect on American naval strategy.
E) operated mostly off the Atlantic coast.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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President Lincoln proved a more effective wartime leader than Jefferson Davis because


A) he was more experienced.
B) he enjoyed the benefits of an established and stable government.
C) he was able to inspire and lead public opinion.
D) he used humor and practiced charity towards his opponents.
E) he was more skilled in managing the details of military operations.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The Southern cause was weakened by


A) the concept of states' rights that the Confederacy professed.
B) President Jefferson Davis's constant catering to public opinion.
C) the southerners' own doubts about the cause of Southern independence.
D) a lack of sound military leadership.
E) the constant threat of slave rebellion.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Northern advantages at the outset of the Civil War included


A) control of the seas.
B) more banks, factories, railroads, and people.
C) interior lines of military operation.
D) a young male population prepared for military service.
E) better military leadership.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The Confederate navy's most effective commerce raider was the


A) Monitor.
B) Merrimack.
C) Trent.
D) Virginia.
E) Alabama.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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