Question 1

Cariogenic food choices can increase in patients with hypogeusia because gustatory and olfactory sensitivities increase.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C)   The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D)   The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)   Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C) C

Question 2

Regardless of diet,sodium should be restricted.Milk-based food supplements are economical and can help prevent nutrient deficiencies.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D) D

Question 3

Most patients with xerostomia eat significant portions of vegetables because crunchy foods stimulate salivary flow.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C)   The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D)   The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)   Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The primary cause of confusion in older hospitalized patients is thought to be:

Accepted Answer

A)   malnutrition.
B)   atropic gastritis.
C)   dehydration.
D)   sarcopenia.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

How can management of a chronic disease affect the nutritional status of older adults? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Alter food intake.
B)   Increase absorption of nutrients.
C)   Increase appetite.
D)   Cause nausea and vomiting.
E)   Cause diarrhea or constipation.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Which are associated with malnutrition in older adults? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Use of a salivary substitute
B)   Impaired immune response
C)   Delayed wound healing
D)   Eating slowly
E)   Greater length of hospital staysF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Constipation may be a consequence of: (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   altered gastrointestinal motility.
B)   loss of bowel muscle tone.
C)   medications.
D)   high-fiber intake.
E)   inactivity.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Patients with xerostomia benefit from lemon glycerin swabs to moisten mucosa because the glycerin contains an alcohol and the swab is flavored with lemon.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C)   The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D)   The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)   Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
-Loss of sense of smell

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity
B)  Hypogeusia
C)  Anosmia
D)  Xerostomia
E)  EdentulismF) Atrophic gastritisG) B) and E)
H) D) and E)

Question 10

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
-Affects half of all older adults

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity
B)  Hypogeusia
C)  Anosmia
D)  Xerostomia
E)  EdentulismF) Atrophic gastritisG) All of the above
H) D) and E) D

Question 11

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
-Most common nutritional disorder in older adults

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity
B)  Hypogeusia
C)  Anosmia
D)  Xerostomia
E)  EdentulismF) Atrophic gastritisG) A) and B)
H) None of the above

Question 12

With aging,intra-abdominal fat increases more than subcutaneous or total body fat.A slightly higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) seems to be protective in maintaining immunity to diseases.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Each nutritional direction is appropriate for older adults,except one.Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)   If xerostomia is present, use artificial saliva products or sugarless gum containing xylitol.
B)   Suggest fluid, sauces, or gravies for patients with compromised natural dentition or xerostomia.
C)   Take vitamin supplements that provide 100% or more of the RDI.
D)   Increase protein intake as well as vitamins B6 and B12.
E)   Exercise moderately.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Adhering to low-sodium or diabetes dietary guidelines is difficult for patients with anosmia.Root caries are prevalent in patients with xerostomia,a condition that affects half of all older adults.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Requirements for folate are increased in older adults because a deficiency in this mineral may increase risk of cancer mortality.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C)   The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D)   The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)   Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Which circumstance facilitates the consumption of adequate fruits and vegetables?

Accepted Answer

A)   Social isolation
B)   Moderate income level
C)   Missing pairs of posterior teeth
D)   ObesityE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description.
-Not inevitable with advancing age

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity
B)  Hypogeusia
C)  Anosmia
D)  Xerostomia
E)  EdentulismF) Atrophic gastritisG) B) and E)
H) A) and E)

Question 18

Each increases the susceptibility for foodborne illness,except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)   Compromised immune system
B)   Increased secretion of gastric hydrochloric acid
C)   Reduced sense of smell
D)   Reduced sense of tasteE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which accurately describes age-related macular degeneration? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   It is characterized by deterioration of the central area of the retina.
B)   Lesions on the retina lead to loss of vision.
C)   Lutein and zeaxanthin are contributing factors.
D)   Vitamin E and beta-carotene supplements are likely to prevent this condition.
E)   Fatty fish, such as salmon, provide preventive antioxidants.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

Approximately 36% of older adults take five or more prescription drugs and multiple dietary supplements.Mature renal and liver function in older adults facilitates clearance of medications from the body.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 15: Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health

Cariogenic food choices can increase in patients with hypogeusia because gustatory and olfactory sensitivities increase.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Regardless of diet,sodium should be restricted.Milk-based food supplements are economical and can help prevent nutrient deficiencies.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Most patients with xerostomia eat significant portions of vegetables because crunchy foods stimulate salivary flow.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary cause of confusion in older hospitalized patients is thought to be:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can management of a chronic disease affect the nutritional status of older adults? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which are associated with malnutrition in older adults? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Constipation may be a consequence of: (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients with xerostomia benefit from lemon glycerin swabs to moisten mucosa because the glycerin contains an alcohol and the swab is flavored with lemon.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description. -Loss of sense of smell

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description. -Affects half of all older adults

Correct AnswerverifiedD

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description. -Most common nutritional disorder in older adults

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With aging,intra-abdominal fat increases more than subcutaneous or total body fat.A slightly higher basal metabolic rate (BMR) seems to be protective in maintaining immunity to diseases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each nutritional direction is appropriate for older adults,except one.Which one is the exception?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adhering to low-sodium or diabetes dietary guidelines is difficult for patients with anosmia.Root caries are prevalent in patients with xerostomia,a condition that affects half of all older adults.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Requirements for folate are increased in older adults because a deficiency in this mineral may increase risk of cancer mortality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which circumstance facilitates the consumption of adequate fruits and vegetables?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An understanding of the dietary concerns of older adults enables dental hygienists to provide optimal therapy to this growing demographic. Match the age-related condition with the most appropriate description. -Not inevitable with advancing age

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each increases the susceptibility for foodborne illness,except one.Which is the exception?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which accurately describes age-related macular degeneration? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately 36% of older adults take five or more prescription drugs and multiple dietary supplements.Mature renal and liver function in older adults facilitates clearance of medications from the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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