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A) It contained Luther's refutation of Johann Eck's accusations.
B) It expressed Luther's rejection of Pope Innocent I's spiritual authority.
C) It made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.
E) All of the above
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A) He accepted all seven.
B) He rejected all of them except baptism and communion, or the Lord's Supper.
C) He claimed marriage as the only true sacrament.
E) All of the above
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A) People sought certainty of salvation through a variety of means, including the veneration of relics and the purchase of indulgences.
B) There was a marked decline in popular religious piety in the fifteenth century, as only elites exhibited interest in religion.
C) Most ordinary people were actively engaged in grassroots efforts to do away with orthodox beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church.
E) B) and C)
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A) The Peasants' War
B) The Habsburg-Valois Wars
C) Charles V's war with the Schmalkaldic League
E) None of the above
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A) Ignatius of Loyola
B) Francis Xavier
C) Saint Teresa of Avila
E) B) and C)
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Elizabeth I's approach to religious conf...View Answer
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Religion had a significant influence on ...View Answer
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A) It was unified under the firm control of the Holy Roman Empire.
B) It was made up of thirteen cantons, under the leadership of wealthy bourgeoisie.
C) It became Europe's greatest economic power under the Swiss confederation.
E) All of the above
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A) It was strongly opposed by Luther, who saw it as a social revolution from below against God's divine order.
B) It furthered the spread of Lutheranism throughout all of Europe.
C) It was praised by Luther, as it destroyed the great Catholic princes of Germany.
E) A) and C)
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A) They advocated adult baptism, and if they had been baptized as children, a second baptism.
B) They were not regarded as a political threat as they preached separation between church and state.
C) They were founded by Conrad Grebel, beginning as an elitist movement.
E) B) and C)
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A) He de-emphasized external forms of religion such as pilgrimages and fasts.
B) He believed the Vulgate contained errors and published a new translation of the New Testament.
C) He actively sought to destroy the unity of the medieval Christian church.
E) All of the above
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A) It expanded public access to primary schooling and improving secondary schooling through the gymnasium.
B) It restricted access to Protestant schooling to the nobility and wealthier urban patricians.
C) It eradicated all humanist influences in schooling.
E) A) and C)
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A) The Council of Pisa's declaration that maintained the necessity of purgatory for salvation
B) The increase of papal taxes on the German peasantry
C) Widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks
E) B) and C)
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A) The Bible had passages which were contradictory
B) The legitimacy of the Catholic Church should never be questioned
C) No amount of good works could satisfy God's righteousness
E) All of the above
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Calvinism was most successful in Switzer...View Answer
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Protestantism had a significant impact o...View Answer
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A) A purely rural phenomenon
B) Largely an urban phenomenon
C) A movement with strong urban and rural backing
E) A) and C)
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The Leipzig debates had a significant ef...View Answer
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