Question 1

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Accepted Answer

A)   The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming.
B)   The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married.
C)   The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming.
D)   Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

When you add a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a response recurring, you are engaged in _____. If you subtract a stimulus with the same result, you are engaged in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement; negative punishment
B)   positive reinforcement; negative punishment
C)   positive punishment; negative punishment
D)   positive punishment; negative reinforcementE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

Based on cognitive-social learning theory, which of the following is the BEST slogan to present to a class for parents who want their children to adopt their standards of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Silence is golden.
B)   Do as I say, not as I do.
C)   Because I said so.
D)   Follow my lead.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

Dan and Jenny spank Nolan when he pulls the dog's tail. They are using _____ to teach Jimmy not to pull the dog's tail.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative punishment
B)   negative reinforcement
C)   positive punishment
D)   positive reinforcementE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

Tony sees a little boy crying and he feels sad. At the biology level, what is the BEST explanation of what is happening?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mirror neurons are firing
B)   Sensory neurons have been stimulated
C)   Dopamine is being released
D)   There is no biological explanation of empathyE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

In John Watson's demonstration of classical conditioning with little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   symptoms of fear
B)   a rat
C)   a bath towel
D)   a loud noiseE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Garcia's finding that conditioned laboratory rats to avoid sweetened water because it was paired with a shock that caused nausea several hours later shows _________

Accepted Answer

A)   the US must follow the CS immediately
B)   classical conditioning can be overcome by strategies
C)   in cases when the conditioned response is necessary to survive, the US does not have to follow the CS immediately
D)   animals and humans are biologically prepared to avoid hungerE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

According to your text, research has shown that exposure to media portrayals of demeaning and stereotypical roles for minorities and women _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases critical thinking about minorities and women
B)   initiates and conditions the learning of prejudice
C)   increases empathy for minorities and women
D)   decreases a child's own stereotypical gender-role behaviorE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

A conditioned emotional response is an emotion that is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioned
B)   evoked by a previously neutral stimulus
C)   repeatedly rewarded
D)   evoked by an unconditional stimulusE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

If you repeatedly fail in your attempts to control your environment, you are likely to make no further attempts to escape or even make your environment better. This is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   passive aggressiveness
B)   learned helplessness
C)   submissive behavior
D)   underachievementE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Describe how the principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive-social learning are involved in the acquisition of prejudice.
, Operant Conditioning, Cognitive - Social Learning

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning, operant conditio...

Question 12

After Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear the laboratory rat, if he did not show fear to similar furry animals or objects, this would demonstrate he process of _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Stimulus generalization
B)   Stimulus discrimination
C)   Higher-order conditioning
D)   ShapingE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the US (food, in this case) , the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)   CR fading
B)   extinction
C)   habituation
D)   generalization fadingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

_____ were influential in early studies of cognitive learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   William James and Ivan Pavlov
B)   B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike
C)   Wolfgang Kohler and E.C. Tolman
D)   Albert Bandura and R.H. WaltersE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

John Michael is an alcoholic who cannot seem to stop drinking. He goes to a hospital and they give him a nausea-producing drug (emetic)  after he gargles with alcohol. As a result of this treatment, John will probably

Accepted Answer

A)   vomit due to the emetic and then "pair" the emetic with alcohol
B)   vomit caused by the emetic and then continue to drink alcohol
C)   develop an addiction to the emetic
D)   get a sore throat due to the alcoholE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

____________neurons in the brain are fired when monkeys observe another monkey performing a similar task.

Accepted Answer

A)   Inter
B)   Mirror
C)   Sensory
D)   MotorE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

An event that increases the probability that a response will be repeated is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   a punishment
B)   a reinforcement
C)   an operational directive
D)   a discriminative stimulusE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

In an experiment, laboratory rats were classically conditioned to get sick after drinking sweetened water that was paired with a drug that compromises immune response. These rats continued to die after the experiment because of the conditioned response to the sweetened water alone. Which conclusion can be drawn from this research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Animals and humans can be classically conditioned to any neutral stimulus
B)   Any response the body is capable of making can be conditioned, including dying
C)   Classical conditioning is always automatic and cannot be avoided with strategies
D)   Classical conditioning works with voluntary responses as wellE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Explain the importance of schedules of reinforcement in the effective use of reinforcement and punishment. Provide an example of a fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval and variable-interval partial schedule to illustrate your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Schedules of reinforcement play a crucia...

Question 20

A(n)  _____ is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus due to repeated pairings.

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary response
B)   conditioned response
C)   neutral reaction
D)   operant responseE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 6: Learning

After Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear the laboratory rat, if he did not show fear to similar furry animals or objects, this would demonstrate he process of _____________.

Correct Answer
verified

Explain the importance of schedules of reinforcement in the effective use of reinforcement and punishment. Provide an example of a fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval and variable-interval partial schedule to illustrate your explanation.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Schedules of reinforcement play a crucia...
View Answer

When you add a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a response recurring, you are engaged in _. If you subtract a stimulus with the same result, you are engaged in _.

Correct Answer
verified

A(n) _____ is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus due to repeated pairings.

Correct Answer
verified

Tony sees a little boy crying and he feels sad. At the biology level, what is the BEST explanation of what is happening?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Based on cognitive-social learning theory, which of the following is the BEST slogan to present to a class for parents who want their children to adopt their standards of behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

_____ were influential in early studies of cognitive learning.

Correct Answer
verified

In John Watson's demonstration of classical conditioning with little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was _____.

Correct Answer
verified

____________neurons in the brain are fired when monkeys observe another monkey performing a similar task.

Correct Answer
verified

Garcia's finding that conditioned laboratory rats to avoid sweetened water because it was paired with a shock that caused nausea several hours later shows _________

Correct Answer
verified

A conditioned emotional response is an emotion that is _____.

Correct Answer
verified

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the US (food, in this case) , the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe how the principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive-social learning are involved in the acquisition of prejudice. , Operant Conditioning, Cognitive - Social Learning

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Classical conditioning, operant conditio...
View Answer

If you repeatedly fail in your attempts to control your environment, you are likely to make no further attempts to escape or even make your environment better. This is called _____.

Correct Answer
verified

An event that increases the probability that a response will be repeated is called _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Dan and Jenny spank Nolan when he pulls the dog's tail. They are using _____ to teach Jimmy not to pull the dog's tail.

Correct Answer
verified

According to your text, research has shown that exposure to media portrayals of demeaning and stereotypical roles for minorities and women _____.

Correct Answer
verified

John Michael is an alcoholic who cannot seem to stop drinking. He goes to a hospital and they give him a nausea-producing drug (emetic) after he gargles with alcohol. As a result of this treatment, John will probably

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Learning

After Little Albert was classically conditioned to fear the laboratory rat, if he did not show fear to similar furry animals or objects, this would demonstrate he process of _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the importance of schedules of reinforcement in the effective use of reinforcement and punishment. Provide an example of a fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval and variable-interval partial schedule to illustrate your explanation.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISchedules of reinforcement play a crucia...View AnswerShow Answer

When you add a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a response recurring, you are engaged in _____. If you subtract a stimulus with the same result, you are engaged in _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) _____ is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus due to repeated pairings.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tony sees a little boy crying and he feels sad. At the biology level, what is the BEST explanation of what is happening?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on cognitive-social learning theory, which of the following is the BEST slogan to present to a class for parents who want their children to adopt their standards of behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ were influential in early studies of cognitive learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In John Watson's demonstration of classical conditioning with little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________neurons in the brain are fired when monkeys observe another monkey performing a similar task.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Garcia's finding that conditioned laboratory rats to avoid sweetened water because it was paired with a shock that caused nausea several hours later shows _________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A conditioned emotional response is an emotion that is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the US (food, in this case) , the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how the principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive-social learning are involved in the acquisition of prejudice. , Operant Conditioning, Cognitive - Social Learning

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIClassical conditioning, operant conditio...View AnswerShow Answer

If you repeatedly fail in your attempts to control your environment, you are likely to make no further attempts to escape or even make your environment better. This is called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An event that increases the probability that a response will be repeated is called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dan and Jenny spank Nolan when he pulls the dog's tail. They are using _____ to teach Jimmy not to pull the dog's tail.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to your text, research has shown that exposure to media portrayals of demeaning and stereotypical roles for minorities and women _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Michael is an alcoholic who cannot seem to stop drinking. He goes to a hospital and they give him a nausea-producing drug (emetic) after he gargles with alcohol. As a result of this treatment, John will probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Schedules of reinforcement play a crucia...
View Answer

When you add a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a response recurring, you are engaged in _. If you subtract a stimulus with the same result, you are engaged in _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Classical conditioning, operant conditio...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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