A) Indentured servants
B) African slaves
C) Wealthy planters
D) New England colonists
E) Small farmers
G) A) and B)
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A) economic differences within society narrowed.
B) the great plantation owners turned to lives of leisure.
C) the gaps in the South's social structure widened.
D) planters tried to imitate the ways of English country gentlemen.
E) the issue of mixed-race (mulatto) children became prominent.
G) A) and E)
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Tidewater plantations refer to the large agricultural estates that were established in the Tidewater region, an area along the Atlantic coastal plain in the southeastern United States, including parts of Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. These plantations were typically located near rivers or the coast, which provided easy access for transportation and trade. The term "tidewater" itself comes from the fact that these areas are affected by the tide coming in from the ocean, which made them ideal for the use of waterways for transportation.
Historical Significance:
1. **Economic Foundations**: Tidewater plantations were the economic backbone of the Southern colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries. They were primarily focused on the production of cash crops such as tobacco, rice, indigo, and later, cotton. These crops were labor-intensive and required a large workforce, which led to the reliance on enslaved African labor.
2. **Slavery and Social Structure**: The plantation system was intrinsically linked to the institution of slavery. The success of tidewater plantations depended on the exploitation of enslaved Africans who were forced to work on these estates. This created a distinct social hierarchy in the South, with plantation owners at the top, followed by small farmers, and enslaved individuals at the bottom.
3. **Cultural Influence**: The plantation owners, often referred to as the planter class, developed a unique culture that was characterized by an emphasis on gentility, hospitality, and a leisurely pace of life. This culture had a significant influence on Southern society and its values.
4. **Political Power**: Plantation owners wielded considerable political power in the colonies and early United States. Many of the Founding Fathers, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, were part of this class. Their wealth and influence allowed them to shape the political landscape of the nation, including the protection of their interests, such as the continuation of slavery.
5. **Environmental Impact**: The intensive agriculture practiced on tidewater plantations led to significant environmental changes, including soil depletion and deforestation. Planters often had to expand into new territories or switch to different crops as the fertility of the land declined.
6. **Conflict and Division**: The reliance on slave labor and the economic interests tied to plantation agriculture were central to the growing sectional divide between the North and South, which ultimately led to the American Civil War.
7. **Legacy**: The legacy of tidewater plantations is complex. While they contributed to the economic development of the South and the United States, they also left a legacy of racial inequality and social division that continues to influence American society.
In summary, tidewater plantations played a crucial role in shaping the economic, social, cultural, and political landscape of the Southern United States. Their reliance on enslaved labor and their impact on the environment are critical aspects of their historical significance, as is their contribution to the tensions that led to the Civil War.
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A) indentured servants in America increasingly demanded better wages.
B) slave codes offered planters an incentive to buy more slaves.
C) the British Royal African company gained a monopoly on the slave trade in colonial America.
D) new laws made it easier and more profitable for Americans to enter the slave trade.
E) planters feared the growing number of landless freemen in the colonies.
G) A) and E)
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A) They needed a means to legally use Indians as forced labor.
B) They believed that giving land to indentured servants would entice them to come to the New World.
C) They thought that giving land to those who paid the passage of potential servants to America would help solve their labor needs.
D) They wanted a law to discourage the importation of indentured servants to America.
E) They hoped to insure that eldest sons would inherit their father's land.
G) B) and C)
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A) greatly exaggerated.
B) generally negative.
C) confined primarily to New England.
D) extremely important.
E) primarily economic.
G) A) and C)
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By the end of the seventeenth century, i...View Answer
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The Half-Way Covenant was a religious an...View Answer
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A) Parcels of land were distributed by town fathers.
B) A meeting house was built.
C) A village green was laid out.
D) Schools were required in towns of more than fifty families.
E) Most land was held in common by the town.
G) B) and C)
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A) They often became successful land speculators.
B) They were increasingly frustrated and vented it toward black slaves.
C) They abandoned agriculture for jobs in the cities.
D) They had little choice but to hire themselves out for low wages to their former masters.
E) They often returned to England.
G) A) and E)
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D
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The changing nature of Puritan theology ...View Answer
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A) was the largest "witch hunt" in recorded history.
B) was primarily a result of contemporary superstition.
C) resulted in the executions of twenty people.
D) set off a wave of witchcraft persecutions throughout the colonies.
E) caused injury mostly in lost reputations and jobs for those accused.
G) A) and B)
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A) reliance on the technique of burning woodlands to restore forest growth.
B) belief in the right to own land.
C) sense of duty to improve the land.
D) efforts to reshape the land to meet their needs.
E) desire to build permanent settlements.
G) A) and D)
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A) The Royal African Company held a monopoly on the colonial slave trade for nearly a century.
B) Early slaves were able to gain their freedom.
C) Some former slaves became slave owners.
D) After their capture in Africa, most slaves were branded before being shipped off for sale.
E) By 1680, slaves outnumbered indentured white servants as new arrivals to colonial plantations.
G) A) and D)
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A) selling excess slaves to produce extra income.
B) selling land to reduce their volume of production.
C) growing more tobacco and bringing more of it to market.
D) planting corn and wheat instead of tobacco.
E) cutting the wages of indentured servants.
G) A) and B)
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A) relative poverty.
B) larger cities.
C) affluent abundance.
D) a more rigid class system.
E) more primitive circumstances.
G) B) and D)
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C
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