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Explain how motivation drives human behavior and describe the two key groups of behaviors around which human motivations are oriented.

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Motivations are the inner reasons...

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All of the following are types of involvement EXCEPT _____.


A) product involvement
B) shopping involvement
C) utilitarian involvement
D) situational involvement
E) enduring involvement

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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A school guidance counselor is the organizer for a school trip that can only accommodate 10 students, and she is trying to determine how to select the students that will get to go in a manner that is fair for all those applying. Which type of cognitive appraisal is the counselor using?


A) anticipation appraisal
B) agency appraisal
C) equity appraisal
D) outcomes appraisal
E) fairness appraisal

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Specific emotions that result from some evaluation or reflection of one's own behavior, including pride, shame, guilt, and embarrassment, are called _____.


A) self-conscious emotions
B) autobiographical emotions
C) contagion emotions
D) laborious emotions
E) internalized emotions

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following describes the situation in which consumers remember information better when the mood they are currently in matches the mood they were in when originally exposed to the information?


A) autobiographical memory
B) nostalgia
C) emotional contagion
D) emotional expressiveness
E) mood-congruent recall

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Outcomes appraisal focuses on the future and can elicit emotions like hopefulness or anxiety.

A) True
B) False

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Emotional reactance means the type of deep personal interest that evokes strongly felt feelings simply from the thoughts or behavior associated with some object or activity.

A) True
B) False

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Which need represents basic survival needs for things such as food and drink?


A) self-actualization
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) safety and security
E) belongingness and love

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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Mood-congruent judgments are evaluations in which the value of a target is influenced in a consistent way by one's mood.

A) True
B) False

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Most consumers have vivid memories of meaningful events in their lives. These are called _____.


A) emotional memories
B) self-actualization memories
C) autobiographical memories
D) mood-congruent memories
E) nostalgic memories

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Danny woke up kind of grumpy one morning and was snapping at the people around him. Fortunately, he didn't stay like that all day and ended having a pretty good day and got along with everyone. Which of the following likely influenced Danny's behavior?


A) equity appraisal
B) congruity
C) PANAS
D) involvement
E) mood

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Nostalgia is characterized by a yearning of the past motivated by the belief that previous times were somehow more pleasant.

A) True
B) False

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Self-report measures of emotion usually require consumers to recall their affect state from a recent experience or to state the affect they are feeling at a given point in time.

A) True
B) False

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Discuss the ways in which consumer emotions can be measured without the consumer self-reporting their emotions. What are these types of measured called, and what are the strengths and weaknesses of these types of measures?

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Autonomic measures are those resp...

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Which of the following represents the degree of personal relevance a consumer finds in pursuing value from a given consumption act?


A) consumer moderation
B) product involvement
C) emotional involvement
D) product enthusiasm
E) consumer involvement

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Going to a trendy, new restaurant is most likely driven by hedonic motivations.

A) True
B) False

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Secondary motivation involves a desire to experience something personally gratifying.

A) True
B) False

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Keely was so engrossed in her book that she didn't realize that five hours had passed. What term is used to represent Keely's high emotional involvement in which she is engrossed in reading the book?


A) emotional involvement
B) flow
C) bipolar
D) emotional contagion
E) emotional labor

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Which theory describes consumers as addressing a finite set of prioritized needs from physiological, safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem, to self-actualization?


A) Skinners' classical conditioning
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
C) Operant conditioning
D) Utilitarian/Hedonic theory of needs
E) Equity theory

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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PANAS and PAD are examples of _____ measures of consumer emotions.


A) autonomic
B) introspective
C) physiological
D) self-report
E) biological

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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