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Exam 11: The Nucleus

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Question 51

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Transcriptionally active chromatin, which is called _______, is decondensed, while transcriptionally inactive chromatin, which is called _______, is highly condensed.

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euchromati...

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Question 52

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Proteins called _______ act as receptors for cargo protein import into the nucleus, and proteins called _______ play the corresponding role in export from the nucleus.

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importins;...

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Question 53

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Nuclear proteins that are stripped of their nuclear localization signal and injected into the cytoplasm of cultured cells will localize

Where is 5S rRNA synthesized?

What attributes of the locations where replication and transcription occur within the nucleus leads to these sites being designated as "factories"?

Polycomb proteins promote heterochromatin formation and gene silencing by

Which of the following is an example of nucleolar involvement in processing of non-rRNAs?

Within the nucleolus, what functions are associated with the fibrillar center, dense fibrillar component, and granular component?

Ribosomal proteins are synthesized in the nucleolus and then assembled onto rRNAs.

Chromatin domains appear to represent discrete functional units that independently regulate gene expression.

Most snoRNAs

Which of the following is not involved in the transport of RNAs out of the nucleus?

How many copies of the large ribosomal RNA gene does the human genome contain?

The nuclear localization signal (NLS) is not removed (cleaved off) after entry of the protein into the nucleus. In contrast, the targeting sequences of proteins destined for organelles such as the mitochondria are located at the N-terminus of the protein and are cleaved off once the proteins reach the lumen of the organelle. What are two likely reasons that the nuclear localization signal (NLS) is not cleaved off for nuclear proteins?

What are nuclear speckles?

By restricting the traffic of proteins and RNA across the nuclear envelope, eukaryotic cells can regulate _______ in unique ways.

The nucleolus is the site of rRNA synthesis and processing and of ribosomal subunit assembly.

Protein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or mitochondria requires unfolding of the protein and threading the amino acid chain through a channel or pore into the organelle. In contrast, protein transport into the nucleus does not require unfolding of the protein. Why is unfolding unnecessary for nuclear protein import?

Which of the following are not compartments in the nucleus?

Give one example of how regulation of nuclear protein import is involved in gene regulation.