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Francisco has fallen in love many times, but has difficulty finding long-term happiness in any of his relationships. He desperately wants to find a romantic partner. Francisco probably has which kind of adult attachment style?


A) Secure
B) Anxious-ambivalent
C) Avoidant
D) Dependent

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A friend comes to you with a problem. You determine that there is nothing she can do to solve the problem but also that it is not going to go away any time soon. According to research, which type of coping strategy should you recommend?


A) Emotion-focused strategy
B) Problem-focused strategy
C) Avoidant strategy
D) Defensive strategy

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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In terms of the four-category model of adult attachment, preoccupied people


A) see themselves as unworthy of love and doubt a romantic relationship would be satisfying.
B) have feelings that they are unworthy while they tend to see others as trustworthy.
C) shy away from close relationships.
D) seek out intimate relationships because of curiosity.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The concept known as "triggered displaced aggression" refers to displacement that is


A) an overreaction.
B) targeted toward a specific person.
C) generalized aggression to unfamiliar situations.
D) rare in response to frustration, if ever, in the personality.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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In contrast to the concerns of traditional psychoanalytic writers, most of the research on coping with anxiety conducted by researchers today


A) is concerned with what Freud called reality anxiety.
B) deals with unconscious efforts to reduce anxiety.
C) is limited to studying people with phobias.
D) is based on the writings of Carl Jung.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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According to research on attachment theory, a mother who is attentive and responsive to her infant is most likely to develop a ______ relationship with the child.


A) secure
B) anxious-ambivalent
C) avoidant
D) dependent

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Researchers find that avoidance coping strategies


A) with only a few exceptions tend to be less effective than active-role strategies.
B) are particularly effective with severe trauma.
C) are about as effective as emotion-focused strategies.
D) are most effective with long-term problems.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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According to Freud, guilt is most closely associated with


A) reality anxiety.
B) neurotic anxiety.
C) moral anxiety.
D) performance anxiety.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Frustrated research participants are sometimes given an opportunity to administer an electric shock to another person. Experimenters conducting this research generally find that


A) contrary to prediction, participants do not experience a change in their arousal levels following the administration of the shocks.
B) participants experience an increase in arousal following the administration of the shocks.
C) participants experience a decrease in arousal following the administration of the shocks.
D) participants experience a rapid increase followed by a rapid decrease in arousal following the administration of the shocks.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In terms of the four-category model of adult attachment, dismissing people have feelings that they are unworthy while they tend to see others as trustworthy.

A) True
B) False

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Researchers who examined student's reactions to traumas like car accidents and health issue found that students


A) low in coping flexibility experienced less stress as a result of the traumas.
B) low in coping flexibility experienced no stress from the traumatic events.
C) high in copying flexibility experienced less stress as a result of the traumas.
D) high in copying flexibility experienced less avoidance of future traumas.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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One explanation for why aggression leads to more aggression is that it is reinforced by the cathartic release of tension.

A) True
B) False

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To explain why aggression sometimes decreases, many researchers have adopted the Freudian concept of


A) the Oedipus complex.
B) repression.
C) the superego.
D) catharsis.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Research on reactions to stressful stimuli finds that people typically use coping strategies to reduce anxiety


A) when trained to do so by the experimenter.
B) when reminded to do so by the experimenter.
C) when given no instructions about coping strategies by the experimenter.
D) very rarely, unless the stimulus is extremely anxiety?provoking.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Discuss how Freud's original frustration-aggression hypothesis influenced research by behavioral psychologists on the topic. Give evidence that frustration is one cause of aggression. Define displacement and catharsis and specify their roles in aggressive behavior.

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Freud's original frustration-aggression ...

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The psychologists who developed the frustration-aggression hypothesis used or adapted all of the following concepts from Freudian theory except one. Which one?


A) Displacement
B) Sublimation
C) Catharsis
D) Reinforcement

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Carol is having difficulty with her romantic relationship. She is afraid of losing her partner, so she gives in to her partner's wishes to keep him happy. Carol probably has which kind of attachment style?


A) Secure
B) Anxious-ambivalent
C) Avoidant
D) Dependent

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A person who describes his or her relationships with family members as distrustful and emotionally distant most probably has an avoidant style of attachment.

A) True
B) False

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