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Distinguish between top-down and bottom-up processes in perception. Making explicit reference to several of the pain management techniques described in your text, suggest how top-down and bottom-up processes may contribute to the relief of pain.

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Opening a bag of frozen vegetables with a large, sharp knife rather than kitchen shears can sometimes result in a chemical termed ________ sending pain messages to your brain.

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Dr. Ronald Melzack created the ______ Pain Questionnaire


A) Laval
B) McGill
C) Queen's
D) McMaster

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following does your text offer as a potential explanation for the phenomenon of synesthesia?


A) an unusually large number of excitatory connections between sensory areas of the brain
B) fewer inhibitory links between different sensory areas of the brain
C) both of these options
D) none of these options

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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When standing on a street corner, taxis way down the street project smaller images to your eye than the one parked next to you. Of course, you know they are not toy cars; they are just really far away. This example illustrates the ________ depth cue of ________.


A) monocular; relative size
B) binocular; relative size
C) monocular; texture gradient
D) binocular; texture gradient

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Approximately ________ million Canadians between the ages of 12-44 experience chronic pain.


A) 1.5
B) 2
C) 3.5
D) 4

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The ability to perceive the depth and three-dimensional locations of objects in the world around us is known as:


A) perceptual constancy.
B) figure-ground perception.
C) depth perception.
D) top-down processing.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The rods play a key role in ________, which is seeing objects that are outside the main center offocus.

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In Canada, approximately 1.5 million Canadians between the ages of 12-44 experience ________pain.

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You're in the mall looking at a blue sweater. How do you know it's blue?


A) Blue/yellow opponent-process cells increase their rate of firing.
B) Cones responsive to blue light in the retina begin responding.
C) both of these answers
D) none of these answers

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Dr. Ronald Melzack believed that pain was not one-dimensional, but instead involved many other psychological variables including:


A) personality.
B) cognition.
C) abnormal brain disorders.
D) motivations and emotions.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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How many basic types of taste are there?


A) four
B) four, maybe five
C) five
D) five or six

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Sensory adaptation is the result of:


A) a decrease in our attention to environmental stimuli.
B) a decrease in the responsiveness of sensory neurons.
C) a decline in the brain's ability to process sensory information.
D) an increase in noise in the environment.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The skin senses include ________


A) pressure.
B) pain.
C) temperature.
D) all of these

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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