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Which of the following is probably the most helpful guide when untangling bivariate relationships?


A) Theory
B) Statistics
C) Tables
D) Causality

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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An intervening variable is a control variable that ______ and ______ in a causal sequence.


A) precedes the independent variable;follows the dependent variable
B) follows the independent variable;precedes the dependent variable
C) increases the effect;influences spuriousness
D) reduces the null hypothesis;influences the research hypothesis

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. -The direction of the relationship in a bivariate table is


A) either positive or negative when the variables are measured at the ordinal or interval-ratio level.
B) either positive or negative when the variables are measured at the nominal level.
C) positive if the two variables vary in the same direction.
D) negative if the two variables vary in the same direction.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A bivariate table can have any number of dimensions.

A) True
B) False

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Given the bivariate table below,calculate the column percentages. Given the bivariate table below,calculate the column percentages.

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Calculate the marginals for the table below. Calculate the marginals for the table below.

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Calculate the appropriate percentages for each cell. Calculate the appropriate percentages for each cell.

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The values of x and y for the following bivariate table are x = 106 and y = 149. The values of x and y for the following bivariate table are x = 106 and y = 149.

A) True
B) False

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When it is not apparent which variable is the independent variable or dependent variable,it is common for researchers to


A) take the average percentage across the rows.
B) average the percentages across the columns.
C) rely exclusively on the column percentages.
D) calculate both the row and column percentages.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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An additional variable considered in a bivariate relationship,usually with the aim of controlling for the effects of this variable,is referred to as a(n) ______ variable.


A) independent
B) dependent
C) control
D) elaboration

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Calculate the marginals for the table below. Calculate the marginals for the table below.

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The introduction of an additional variable into a bivariate relationship to control for its effects is referred to as


A) spuriousness.
B) elaboration.
C) independence.
D) causality.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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What are the limitations of elaborations?

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Without theory as a guide,elaboration ca...

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According to the table below,how many Protestants and Catholics who attend religious services more than once per year oppose abortion? According to the table below,how many Protestants and Catholics who attend religious services more than once per year oppose abortion?

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214 Protes...

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A bivariate relationship between two variables measured at the ordinal level or higher in which the variables vary in opposite directions is called a


A) strong link.
B) weak link.
C) positive relationship.
D) negative relationship.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In summarizing the relationship between two variables arranged in a bivariate table,explain how one goes about comparing the percentages in bivariate table if the independent variable has more than two categories.

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One typically compar...

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Once the appropriate percentages for a bivariate table are calculated,one then examines the ______ of these quantities across the categories of the independent variable.


A) sum
B) difference
C) product
D) quotient

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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By using the example of family support for the transition from high school,the authors illustrate how elaboration is helpful in examining


A) the lack of health insurance among ethnoracial minorities.
B) how middle class boys are vulnerable to violence.
C) how race,class,and gender are linked with social behavior.
D) the low graduation rates among inner city youth.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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For which pair of variables is it impossible to determine the direction of the relationship?


A) Educational level and attendance of religious services
B) Sex and religious preference
C) Socio-economic status and calorie consumption
D) Occupational prestige and grocery budget

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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To calculate the percentage within each category of the independent variable arrayed in the columns,the frequencies within each cell and the row marginals are divided by the total of the column in which they are located,and the column totals should sum to 100%.

A) True
B) False

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