A) kuriltai.
B) tobruk.
C) karakorum.
D) tumens.
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Multiple Choice
A) Russia was united under the rule of Kiev.
B) Russia was united under the rule of the prince of Novgorod.
C) Russia was united under the rule of the prince of Moscovy.
D) Russia was divided into numerous petty kingdoms centered on trading cities.
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Multiple Choice
A) sheep and goats.
B) camels.
C) cattle.
D) horses.
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Multiple Choice
A) 1154
B) 1189
C) 1206
D) 1312
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Multiple Choice
A) Beneath the Mongols in the Yuan social system were the ethnic Chinese.
B) Below the Mongols were Japanese artisans in the Yuan social scheme.
C) Muslims and central Asian allies ranked right below the Mongols but above the Chinese.
D) The Mongols ranked all other ethnic groups in a single cohort of subordinates.
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) The Russian nobility was exterminated giving rise to a society largely composed of free peasants.
B) Due to the crushing burden of tribute paid to Mongols and princes, the Russian peasantry was reduced to serfdom.
C) The cessation of trade destroyed the commercial and artisan classes of Russia.
D) Russian women were elevated to new levels of social prominence.
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Multiple Choice
A) The failure of expeditions against the Japanese
B) The demolition of the Great Wall
C) The defeat of the Yuan at the hands of the Golden Horde
D) The invasion of northern China by the Korean Koryo dynasty
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Multiple Choice
A) Aristocracy
B) Scholar-gentry
C) Merchants
D) Peasantry
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Multiple Choice
A) Khwarazm.
B) Kubilai.
C) Karakorum.
D) Samarkand.
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Multiple Choice
A) Novgorod
B) Kiev
C) Moscow
D) Petrograd
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Multiple Choice
A) Mongolian women lost status as they fell under the social apparatus of the Confucian ideology.
B) Mongolian women suffered social and political isolation as Mongol men adopted the preference for women who had undergone footbinding.
C) Mongol women were increasingly prevented from participating in hunting and martial activities, although they retained some influence in the household.
D) Mongol women remained relatively independent, refused to adopt the practice of footbinding, and retained their rights in property.
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Multiple Choice
A) The Russian cities allied rapidly to confront the Mongols with a united force.
B) As the leading commercial centers of Russia, Kiev and Novgorod allied to create a substantial military force that saved those cities from destruction.
C) The Russians appealed to the Byzantine Empire to provide them with military assistance against the Mongols.
D) The princes of Russia refused to cooperate and were routed individually.
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Multiple Choice
A) The Mongols were unable to establish political control over the Song dynasty.
B) Song China, because of its relative weakness, capitulated within two years after the initiation of the Mongol conquest.
C) The campaigns against the Song were interrupted by power struggles among the Mongols, but took slightly more than five years.
D) Song China proved one of the toughest areas for the Mongols to conquer, taking from 1235 to 1279 to subdue.
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Multiple Choice
A) The destruction of cities from central Asia to the shores of the Mediterranean devastated the focal points of Islamic civilization.
B) The successful assault on the east African city-states weakened the international trading system of Islam.
C) Shi?ism was eliminated as a major factor within Islam.
D) Much of the population of the Islamic heartland was converted to the animism common among the Mongolian nomads.
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Multiple Choice
A) The Black Death
B) The White Death
C) The Nomadic Death
D) The Mongol Death
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Multiple Choice
A) The Mongols recognized two royal families, and all leaders were the oldest males of the lineages.
B) Mongols often recognized the leadership of females who traced their descent from female deities.
C) Mongol leadership was based on patrilineal descent from the Kuriltai tribe.
D) Leaders were elected by free males.
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Multiple Choice
A) Nomadic
B) Sedentary agricultural
C) Hunting and gathering
D) Urban
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Multiple Choice
A) composed of a mixture of infantry and cavalry.
B) entirely cavalry.
C) entirely infantry.
D) technologically inferior to most of their opponents.
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Multiple Choice
A) Moscow was the only Russian city that was not destroyed during the invasion.
B) As the city located farthest south in Russia, Moscow was better able to benefit from renewed trade under the Mongols.
C) Moscow became the capital of the Golden Horde.
D) The princes of Moscow collected tribute for the Mongol khans and became the seat of the Metropolitan of the Orthodox Church.
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