Question 1

Dr.Faulkner believes that directly observable events-stimuli and responses-are the appropriate focus of the study of development.Dr.Faulkner probably follows the __________ perspective of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychosexual
B)   psychosocial
C)   behaviorism
D)   cognitive-developmentalE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

A major limitation of Vygotsky's theory is that it

Accepted Answer

A)   neglects the biological side of development.
B)   cannot be applied in other cultures.
C)   overemphasizes the importance of heredity.
D)   overemphasizes the role of brain growth in cognitive change.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

A major strength of the information-processing approach to development is its commitment to

Accepted Answer

A)   the study of imagination.
B)   flexible case study interviews.
C)   rigorous research methods.
D)   disproving other developmental theories.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Evolutionary developmental psychology

Accepted Answer

A)   focuses on how the structures of the mind develop to better fit with, or represent, the external world.
B)   seeks to understand the adaptive value of specieswide cognitive, emotional, and social competencies as those competencies change with age.
C)   views the human mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows.
D)   brings together researchers from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to study the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing person's cognitive processing and behavior patterns.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Charles Darwin's __________ emphasized two related principles: natural selection and survival of the fittest.

Accepted Answer

A)   normative approach
B)   theory of evolution
C)   psychoanalytic theory
D)   psychosocial theoryE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Define theory.Why are theories vital tools? How do theories differ from opinions or beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A theory is an orderly,integrated set of...

Question 7

Using brain-imaging techniques,Dr.Singh,a neuroscientist,studies how genetic makeup combines with specific experiences to influence the growth of a child's brain.This approach to development is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   the information-processing approach.
B)   behaviorism.
C)   developmental cognitive neuroscience.
D)   cognitive-developmental theory.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Although their assessments were designed for different purposes,Hall,Gesell,and Alfred Binet all took a __________ approach to child development.

Accepted Answer

A)   nonnormative
B)   genetic
C)   normative
D)   psychometricE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

A special strength of the psychoanalytic perspective is

Accepted Answer

A)   its emphasis on understanding the individual's unique life history.
B)   the clarity of the concept of ego functioning.
C)   the ease of empirically testing its ideas.
D)   its use of a wide variety of research methods.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

A researcher using a structured interview would typically ask

Accepted Answer

A)   questions in a large group of participants.
B)   the same set of questions in the same way to each research participant.
C)   only yes/no, multiple choice, and true/false questions.
D)   a different set of questions for each participant.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Describe the contributions and limitations of behaviorism and social learning theory to the scientific study of human development.

Accepted Answer

According to behaviorism,directly observ...

Question 12

Dr.Geib believes that even powerful negative influences in the first few years of life can be overcome by later,more positive events.Dr.Geib sees development as

Accepted Answer

A)   mostly stable.
B)   having substantial plasticity.
C)   mostly influenced by heredity.
D)   driven by early life experiences.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Baby boomers are known for their collective emphasis on

Accepted Answer

A)   the search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility.
B)   marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities.
C)   vocational success over family obligations.
D)   political aspirations, financial wealth, and personal achievements.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

According to the psychoanalytic perspective,people move through a series of stages in which they

Accepted Answer

A)   acquire increasingly complex information-processing skills.
B)   confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
C)   model the behavior of parents and other caregivers.
D)   actively explore the environment.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following children is the most likely to exhibit resilience?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jack, a highly intelligent athlete
B)   Jaynie, a shy, emotionally reactive child
C)   Ana, a child who has no strong bond with any adult
D)   Ari, a temperamental artistE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Systematic observations and case studies are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)   research designs.
B)   theories.
C)   research methods.
D)   hypotheses.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

One strength of cross-sectional research is that

Accepted Answer

A)   findings and conclusions are not threatened by cohort effects.
B)   researchers need not be concerned with participant dropout or practice effects.
C)   it permits study of relationships between early and later events and behaviors.
D)   it permits study of individual developmental trends.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Longitudinal research can identify common patterns as well as individual differences in development because the investigator

Accepted Answer

A)   randomly assigns participants to treatment conditions.
B)   tracks the performance of each person over time.
C)   studies groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time.
D)   conducts quasi-experiments, comparing conditions that already exist.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

In a cross-sectional design,researchers study

Accepted Answer

A)   the same group of participants repeatedly at different ages.
B)   groups of participants differing in age at the same point in time.
C)   participants over the same ages but in different years.
D)   participants of the same age at the same point in time.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Dr.King is conducting a study from behind one-way mirrors using adult participants.After the research session is over,Dr.King should be sure to use __________ techniques.

Accepted Answer

A)   informed consent
B)   protection from harm
C)   debriefing
D)   beneficial treatmentE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies

A major strength of the information-processing approach to development is its commitment to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Charles Darwin's __________ emphasized two related principles: natural selection and survival of the fittest.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Longitudinal research can identify common patterns as well as individual differences in development because the investigator

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following children is the most likely to exhibit resilience?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the psychoanalytic perspective,people move through a series of stages in which they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a cross-sectional design,researchers study

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although their assessments were designed for different purposes,Hall,Gesell,and Alfred Binet all took a __________ approach to child development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the contributions and limitations of behaviorism and social learning theory to the scientific study of human development.

Correct AnswerverifiedAccording to behaviorism,directly observ...View AnswerShow Answer

Dr.Geib believes that even powerful negative influences in the first few years of life can be overcome by later,more positive events.Dr.Geib sees development as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using brain-imaging techniques,Dr.Singh,a neuroscientist,studies how genetic makeup combines with specific experiences to influence the growth of a child's brain.This approach to development is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A special strength of the psychoanalytic perspective is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Systematic observations and case studies are examples of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher using a structured interview would typically ask

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Faulkner believes that directly observable events-stimuli and responses-are the appropriate focus of the study of development.Dr.Faulkner probably follows the __________ perspective of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define theory.Why are theories vital tools? How do theories differ from opinions or beliefs?

Correct AnswerverifiedA theory is an orderly,integrated set of...View AnswerShow Answer

Dr.King is conducting a study from behind one-way mirrors using adult participants.After the research session is over,Dr.King should be sure to use __________ techniques.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major limitation of Vygotsky's theory is that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One strength of cross-sectional research is that

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Baby boomers are known for their collective emphasis on

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Evolutionary developmental psychology

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Correct Answer
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According to behaviorism,directly observ...
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A theory is an orderly,integrated set of...
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Correct Answer
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