Question 1

Which of the following molecules is not required for translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA
B)  tRNA
C)  DNA
D)  rRNAE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Genotype is to _____ as phenotype is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA base sequence;amino acid sequence
B)  heredity;DNA base sequence
C)  gene regulation;translation
D)  transcription;amino acid sequenceE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following is not synthesized from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

A)  messenger RNA
B)  amino acids
C)  tRNA
D)  ribosomal RNAE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Beadle discovered that metabolic pathways are studied most effectively using which of the following techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  creating multiple gene mutations resulting in nonfunctional enzymes specific to a metabolic pathway
B)  adding additional intermediates of the metabolic pathway
C)  removing all intermediates of the metabolic pathway
D)  creating single gene mutations resulting in nonfunctional enzymes specific to a metabolic pathwayE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

There are three stop codons (nonsense codons) ;all remaining codons specify addition of an amino acid (sense codons) .How many sense codons are there?

Accepted Answer

A)  20
B)  45
C)  61
D)  72E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

According to the central dogma,what molecule should go in the blank?
DNA → _____ → Proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA because it makes proteins directly
B)  rRNA because it makes proteins directly
C)  mRNA because it transfers information from DNA
D)  tRNA because it transfers information from DNAE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Codons,the three base sequences that code for specific amino acids,are part of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein
B)  mRNA
C)  tRNA
D)  rRNAE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Figure 15.4.
 
-Refer to Figure 15.4.Homocystinuria is a genetic disorder that results from a defect in one of the enzymes of the metabolic pathway shown.The gene for which enzyme/molecule is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

A)  methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
B)  methionine synthase
C)  tetrahydrofolate reductase
D)  cystathione beta synthaseE) A) and D)
F) A) and C) D

Question 9

The statement,DNA → RNA → Proteins,_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  has become known as the central dogma
B)  depicts the regulation of gene expression
C)  never varies in any organism,virus,or prion
D)  describes a series of catalytic reactionsE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance,they asked how information was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.What is the mechanism of information transfer?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA from a single gene is replicated and transferred to the cytoplasm,where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
B)  Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm,where protein synthesis takes place.
C)  Proteins transfer information from the nucleus to the ribosome,where protein synthesis takes place.
D)  Transfer RNA takes information from DNA directly to a ribosome,where protein synthesis takes place.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single codon can specify the addition of more than one amino acid.
B)  The genetic code is different for different domains of organisms.
C)  The genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms) .
D)  More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C) D

Question 12

What molecule serves as a link between the information-containing macromolecule,DNA,and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA
B)  tRNA
C)  mRNA
D)  ribosomeE) B) and D)
F) A) and D) C

Question 13

Figure 15.2
 
-Refer to Figure 15.2.A branched metabolic pathway synthesizes two related amino acids (D and F) .If there is a genetic defect,resulting in a nonfunctional enzyme (3) ,how could you ensure that adequate amounts of the amino acid F are synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supplement intermediate B.
B)  Supplement intermediate C.
C)  Add enzyme 2 to the medium.
D)  Supplement with intermediate E.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

In the Morse code,a series of dots and dashes code for letters of the alphabet.How is this analogous to the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is complementarity in the genetic code (A is complementary to T,and C is complementary to G) ) 
B)  The bases that make up DNA are coded by the sugar-phosphate backbone.
C)  The machinery involved in DNA synthesis is analogous to the telegraph equipment used in sending Morse code.
D)  The bases of DNA code for the more complex amino acid sequence of the various proteins found in cells.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The proteome is all the proteins produced by an organism.The genome is the totality of all genes of an organism.If the proteome is much larger than the genome,which of the following statements would be accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  This finding lends support to the one-gene,one-enzyme hypothesis.
B)  The number of monomeric subunits found in proteins is fewer than the number of monomeric subunits found in genes.
C)  At least in some cases,a single gene must code for more than one protein.
D)  Noncoding DNA is important in determining the proteome.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

-Given the DNA template shown above,which of the following bases would you find in a complementary RNA strand and where would they be synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-A-A-A-A;nucleus
B)  U-U-U-U-U;nucleus
C)  A-A-A-A-A;ribosome
D)  U-U-U-U-U;ribosomeE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

-According to the table and figure above,which enzyme is defective in the strain with the arg2 mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the enzyme that converts the precursor to ornithine
B)  the enzyme that converts ornithine to citrulline
C)  the enzyme that converts citrulline to arginine
D)  the enzyme that converts the precursor to citrullineE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

The HIV virus that causes AIDS is an RNA virus.What is an RNA virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  a DNA virus that uses DNA as a template in the process of translation
B)  an RNA virus that makes proteins directly from RNA
C)  an RNA virus that has reverse transcriptase,enabling it to make DNA from RNA
D)  a DNA virus that is acellular and is able to reproduce outside a living cellE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Knockout mice have been genetically altered to knock out specific genes.How are these mice most often used in research?

Accepted Answer

A)  to study DNA replication in the defective genes (those that have been altered) 
B)  to determine the role of proteins coded for by those genes that are knocked out
C)  to examine defects in DNA structure in those regions that have been altered
D)  to study the effect of radiation on DNAE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

The original DNA has the base sequence AGCGTTACCGT;a mutation in the DNA strand results in the base sequence AGGCGTTACCGT.What does this tell you about the mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was a missense mutation.
B)  It may result in a single amino acid change in the protein being coded for by this base sequence.
C)  It was a silent mutation.
D)  It is a frameshift mutation.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 15: How Genes Work

Which of the following molecules is not required for translation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Genotype is to _____ as phenotype is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not synthesized from a DNA template?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beadle discovered that metabolic pathways are studied most effectively using which of the following techniques?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are three stop codons (nonsense codons) ;all remaining codons specify addition of an amino acid (sense codons) .How many sense codons are there?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the central dogma,what molecule should go in the blank? DNA → _____ → Proteins

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Codons,the three base sequences that code for specific amino acids,are part of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 15.4. -Refer to Figure 15.4.Homocystinuria is a genetic disorder that results from a defect in one of the enzymes of the metabolic pathway shown.The gene for which enzyme/molecule is most likely defective?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The statement,DNA → RNA → Proteins,_____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance,they asked how information was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.What is the mechanism of information transfer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What molecule serves as a link between the information-containing macromolecule,DNA,and protein synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Figure 15.2 -Refer to Figure 15.2.A branched metabolic pathway synthesizes two related amino acids (D and F) .If there is a genetic defect,resulting in a nonfunctional enzyme (3) ,how could you ensure that adequate amounts of the amino acid F are synthesized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Morse code,a series of dots and dashes code for letters of the alphabet.How is this analogous to the genetic code?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The proteome is all the proteins produced by an organism.The genome is the totality of all genes of an organism.If the proteome is much larger than the genome,which of the following statements would be accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Given the DNA template shown above,which of the following bases would you find in a complementary RNA strand and where would they be synthesized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-According to the table and figure above,which enzyme is defective in the strain with the arg2 mutation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The HIV virus that causes AIDS is an RNA virus.What is an RNA virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Knockout mice have been genetically altered to knock out specific genes.How are these mice most often used in research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The original DNA has the base sequence AGCGTTACCGT;a mutation in the DNA strand results in the base sequence AGGCGTTACCGT.What does this tell you about the mutation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Genotype is to _ as phenotype is to _.

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D

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D

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C

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