Question 1

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)   interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance.
B)   defining someone as deviant for things done long before.
C)   criminal adults encouraging their children to become deviant.
D)   All of the above are correct.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Labeling theory stresses that some actions are always wrong and others are always right.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is meant by "community-based corrections?" What are the advantages of this approach compared to sending convicted offenders to prison? What are some of the limitations of this approach? On balance, do you favor or oppose expanding community-based corrections? Why?

Accepted Answer

Community-based corrections refer to a r...

Question 4

Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Explain the value and the limitations of biological and psychological explanations of crime. Expand the essay by explaining the strengths of a sociological approach to understanding crime.

Accepted Answer

Biological and psychological explanation...

Question 6

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   deviance is actually useful in a number of ways.
B)   deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
C)   power has much to do with how a society defines deviance.
D)   All of the above are correct.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A)   people everywhere define mostly the same things as deviant.
B)   very religious people create very little deviance.
C)   even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community.
D)   the proportion of people in the population that the Puritans defined as deviant kept rising over time.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?

Accepted Answer

A)   corporate crime
B)   organized crime
C)   victimless crime
D)   secondary devianceE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

The United States is the only western, high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police:

Accepted Answer

A)   ignore most crimes they learn about.
B)   work, on average, many more hours than other workers.
C)   cannot take time to ensure due process for most suspects.
D)   use discretion in deciding which situations warrant their attention.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

In the United States, even as the crime rate has gone down in recent years, the number of people in prison has gone up.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   who responds-police or medical personnel
B)   whether the person is subject to punishment or treatment
C)   how personally competent the person is assumed to be
D)   All of the above are correct.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?

Accepted Answer

A)   innovator
B)   ritualist
C)   retreatist
D)   rebelE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations?

Accepted Answer

A)   victimless crime
B)   white-collar crime
C)   organized crime
D)   street crimeE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system?

Accepted Answer

A)   innovator
B)   ritualist
C)   retreatist
D)   rebelE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is the medicalization of deviance?

Accepted Answer

The medicalization of deviance refers to...

Question 19

Define each of the following: white-collar crime, corporate crime, organized crime, and hate crime.

Accepted Answer

White-collar crime refers to non-violent...

Question 20

"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 9: Deviance

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that:

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Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

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"Primary deviance" refers to the most serious offenses.

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Using the terms of Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following terms would correctly describe a gangster like Al Capone who made a lot of money breaking the law?

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Labeling theory stresses that some actions are always wrong and others are always right.

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In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that:

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In the United States, even as the crime rate has gone down in recent years, the number of people in prison has gone up.

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What is meant by "community-based corrections?" What are the advantages of this approach compared to sending convicted offenders to prison? What are some of the limitations of this approach? On balance, do you favor or oppose expanding community-based corrections? Why?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AICommunity-based corrections refer to a r...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the medicalization of deviance?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe medicalization of deviance refers to...View AnswerShow Answer

The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of:

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Define each of the following: white-collar crime, corporate crime, organized crime, and hate crime.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIWhite-collar crime refers to non-violent...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf?

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Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects which of the following?

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The stigma of deviance can encourage an individual to engage in further deviance.

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Biological factors, including genetics, explain most criminal behavior.

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Explain the value and the limitations of biological and psychological explanations of crime. Expand the essay by explaining the strengths of a sociological approach to understanding crime.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIBiological and psychological explanation...View AnswerShow Answer

Because there are several hundred people in the United States for every police officer, police:

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Using the terms in Robert Merton's strain theory, which of the following concepts correctly describes the behavior of a radical activist who rejects just about everything in the existing society in favor of some alternative system?

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Which of the following concepts refers to crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of their occupations?

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The United States is the only western, high-income nation that routinely imposes the death penalty on convicted offenders.

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Community-based corrections refer to a r...
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The medicalization of deviance refers to...
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White-collar crime refers to non-violent...
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Biological and psychological explanation...
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