Question 1

When a parent gives into a child's tantrum in order to stop the child's tantrum behavior,this leads to a greater likelihood that when the child throws a tantrum in the future,the parent will give in again.  This change in the parent's behavior is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement​
B)  positive reinforcement
C)  negative punishment
D)  positive punishmentE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Primary reinforcers ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are directly reinforcing
B)  exert their effects through secondary reinforcers
C)  are not as effective as secondary reinforcers
D)  include such things as moneyE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Two very important factors that influence the strength of classical conditioning are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  validity and reliability
B)  contiguity and contingency
C)  congeniality and conviviality
D)  spontaneity and flexibilityE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Teresa has a bad experience at the dentist's office when she had a painful root canal.As a result,Teresa has not been to the dentist in five years.Which type of learning best explains Teresa's failure to go to the dentist in the last five years?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation
B)  classical conditioning
C)  operant conditioning
D)  social learningE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Sabrina went to open a can of tuna fish for lunch.As soon as she clicked the can-opener to the can,Tibbet,her tabby cat,appeared as though by magic.How can classical conditioning be used to explain this situation?

Accepted Answer

​Tibbet has learned through association ...

Question 6

A neutral stimulus is defined as one that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  does not naturally elicit a particular unconditioned response
B)  neither punishes nor rewards
C)  is elicited by the conditioned stimulus
D)  is not influenced by other stimuliE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Describe how Ivan Pavlov unwittingly discovered his model of classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Around the turn of the 20th century,a Ru...

Question 8

Define shaping and describe an example of how shaping might be used to create a specific behavior.

Accepted Answer

​Animal trainers use an operant conditio...

Question 9

Edward Tolman studied rats running through mazes and found that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the rats who were both punished for incorrect choices and rewarded for correct choices learned the maze faster than rats that were only either punished or rewarded
B)  the rats' ability to cognitively process the maze had no effect on their success in reaching the end
C)  rats that had been allowed to wander through the maze without rewards learned the maze more quickly than normal once they began to be rewarded for reaching the end
D)  primary reinforcers were more effective than secondary reinforcers in teaching the rats to successfully navigate the mazeE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Dr.Trujillo is conducting studies on classical conditioning and experimenting on the effect of placing the neutral stimulus either before or after the unconditioned stimulus.She is investigating the element of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  contingency
B)  habituation
C)  contiguity
D)  instrumentalityE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Tad's ex-girlfriend used to wear Chanel perfume.Since their bitter break-up,Tad has found that he feels angry whenever he smells Chanel No.5.What is the best way for Tad to get to the point where smelling Chanel No.5 will no longer make him feel angry?

Accepted Answer

A)  He should avoid contact with his ex-girlfriend for at least six months.
B)  He should frequently go to the local perfume counter and smell Chanel No. 5.
C)  He should focus on how angry he is at his ex-girlfriend.
D)  He should find a new girlfriend.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

When stimulus generalization occurs,____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the stimulus begins to cause a wide variety of responses
B)  the elicitation of a response to the original neutral stimulus becomes extinct
C)  a stimulus that has not been directly associated with the unconditioned stimulus begins to cause the conditioned response
D)  spontaneous recovery of the original stimulus is no longer possibleE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which response can be classically conditioned in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  feeling fear
B)  studying hard
C)  playing the piano
D)  obeying rulesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Primary reinforcers are more ____ than secondary reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)  socially related
B)  trivially oriented
C)  intrinsically pleasurable
D)  learned from experienceE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

When a parent is talking on a telephone and suddenly turns toward the baby crying in the other room,____ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory reduction
B)  habituation
C)  the orienting reflex
D)  classical conditioningE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Positive reinforcement is to ____ as negative reinforcement is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  praise; spanking
B)  conditioning to increase a behavior; conditioning to decrease a behavior
C)  classical; operant
D)  addition of something pleasant; removal of something unpleasantE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The genetic tendency to learn certain responses very easily is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition
B)  physiological cognition
C)  biological conditioning
D)  biological preparednessE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

The orienting reflex in combination with habituation suggests that we ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  begin to learn only after we have developed the capacity to think
B)  are different from animals in the way that we learn
C)  are capable of learning even without the benefit of sensation
D)  are more sensitive to new stimuli than repeated stimuliE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Joseph goes out with his friends for pizza.Unbeknownst to him,he is coming down with a stomach virus.When the nausea associated with the virus kicks in,he vomits.Now,Joseph cannot even look at a pizza without feeling nauseous.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the friends
B)  vomiting
C)  the pizza
D)  the fluE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Ginger grew up in a home where both of her parents smoked.When Ginger turned 15,she too began smoking despite the fact that her parents frequently warned her not to adopt this bad habit.Ginger's decision to smoke is most likely the result of what type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  habituation
B)  classical conditioning
C)  social learning
D)  operant conditioningE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 6: Learning

Primary reinforcers ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive reinforcement is to ____ as negative reinforcement is to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Teresa has a bad experience at the dentist's office when she had a painful root canal.As a result,Teresa has not been to the dentist in five years.Which type of learning best explains Teresa's failure to go to the dentist in the last five years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Joseph goes out with his friends for pizza.Unbeknownst to him,he is coming down with a stomach virus.When the nausea associated with the virus kicks in,he vomits.Now,Joseph cannot even look at a pizza without feeling nauseous.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The orienting reflex in combination with habituation suggests that we ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Trujillo is conducting studies on classical conditioning and experimenting on the effect of placing the neutral stimulus either before or after the unconditioned stimulus.She is investigating the element of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ginger grew up in a home where both of her parents smoked.When Ginger turned 15,she too began smoking despite the fact that her parents frequently warned her not to adopt this bad habit.Ginger's decision to smoke is most likely the result of what type of learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a parent is talking on a telephone and suddenly turns toward the baby crying in the other room,____ has occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Primary reinforcers are more ____ than secondary reinforcers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which response can be classically conditioned in humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edward Tolman studied rats running through mazes and found that ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sabrina went to open a can of tuna fish for lunch.As soon as she clicked the can-opener to the can,Tibbet,her tabby cat,appeared as though by magic.How can classical conditioning be used to explain this situation?

Correct Answerverified​Tibbet has learned through association ...View AnswerShow Answer

Tad's ex-girlfriend used to wear Chanel perfume.Since their bitter break-up,Tad has found that he feels angry whenever he smells Chanel No.5.What is the best way for Tad to get to the point where smelling Chanel No.5 will no longer make him feel angry?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a parent gives into a child's tantrum in order to stop the child's tantrum behavior,this leads to a greater likelihood that when the child throws a tantrum in the future,the parent will give in again. This change in the parent's behavior is an example of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The genetic tendency to learn certain responses very easily is called ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two very important factors that influence the strength of classical conditioning are ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neutral stimulus is defined as one that ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how Ivan Pavlov unwittingly discovered his model of classical conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedAround the turn of the 20th century,a Ru...View AnswerShow Answer

When stimulus generalization occurs,____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define shaping and describe an example of how shaping might be used to create a specific behavior.

Correct Answerverified​Animal trainers use an operant conditio...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Positive reinforcement is to as negative reinforcement is to .

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Tibbet has learned through association ...
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Around the turn of the 20th century,a Ru...
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Animal trainers use an operant conditio...
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