Question 1

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  had a bigger brain than other australopithecines.
B)  had smaller molar teeth than other australopithecines.
C)  had longer legs relative to arm length than other australopithecines.
D)  was bipedal.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include:

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased ability to see greater distances.
B)  running faster.
C)  ease of transporting food.
D)  both a.and c.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that:

Accepted Answer

A)  included the now extinct descendants of Au.afarensis.
B)  gave rise to the genus Ardipithecus.
C)  was an evolution of other australopithecine lineages.
D)  ended with Au.africanus.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa.It had:

Accepted Answer

A)  a big brain, big teeth, and a big face.
B)  large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest.
C)  a large body, large teeth, and a sagittal crest.
D)  a big face, large teeth, and a large body.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called:

Accepted Answer

A)  Orrorin.
B)  Sahelanthropus.
C)  Gigantopithecus.
D)  Paranthropus.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Ardi's intermediate form of bipedality included the use of:

Accepted Answer

A)  longer hind limbs for clinging and leaping.
B)  palms and feet to move along tree branches.
C)  long phalanges to wrap around tree branches.
D)  a tail.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

A preaustralopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonhoning dentition, primitive apelike traits, and increased brain size
B)  modified honing dentition, primitive apelike traits, and increased brain size
C)  modified honing dentition, primitive apelike traits, and small brain size
D)  nonhoning dentition, loss of apelike traits, and small brain sizeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the preaustralopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

The distinguishing characteristics of ho...

Question 9

An increased ability to see greater distances is one of the adaptations to:

Accepted Answer

A)  bipedalism.
B)  diurnal sleeping patterns.
C)  improved diet.
D)  becoming larger.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

A hominin is defined as having the following two obligate behaviors:

Accepted Answer

A)  speech and advanced cognition.
B)  bipedal locomotion and nonhoning chewing complex.
C)  bipedal locomotion and speech.
D)  nonhoning chewing complex and advanced cognition.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism.You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  a narrow pelvis
B)  a posterior position of the foramen magnum
C)  an opposable hallux
D)  thighbones that angle in toward the kneesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

The adaptive radiation of the australopithecines after their split from the lineage that led to early Homo seems to have focused on:

Accepted Answer

A)  bipedalism.
B)  mastication.
C)  brain size increase.
D)  body size increase.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having a:

Accepted Answer

A)  rounded heel.
B)  nondivergent big toe.
C)  double arch.
D)  all of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Hominins have canines that are:

Accepted Answer

A)  small, blunt, and nonprojecting, with no diastema.
B)  large and pointed, with a diastema.
C)  projecting, with a diastema.
D)  part of a honing complex.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than:

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 mya.
B)  1 mya.
C)  2 mya.
D)  4 mya.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Speech, advanced cognition, and complex material culture:

Accepted Answer

A)  do not define a hominin.
B)  define a hominin.
C)  define a higher primate.
D)  did not evolve through the primate lineage.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Homo habilis.
B)  Australopithecus afarensis.
C)  Orrorin tugenensis.
D)  Homo sapiens.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The first recognizable ancestors of the lineage leading to humans include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Australopithecus afarensis.
B)  Paranthropus.
C)  Sahelanthropus tchandensis.
D)  Orrorin tugenensis.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Humans use their molars for:

Accepted Answer

A)  biting.
B)  crushing.
C)  shearing.
D)  mashing.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that early hominins:

Accepted Answer

A)  lived in a lush jungle.
B)  lived in a savanna.
C)  lived in a forest.
D)  migrated out of the area due to drought.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 10: Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: the Roots of Humanity

Speech, advanced cognition, and complex material culture:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the two obligate traits, including specific anatomical features, that first emerge in the preaustralopithecines to eventually become firmly established in australopithecines.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe distinguishing characteristics of ho...View AnswerShow Answer

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism.You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ecological evidence from the site where Ardi was found shows that early hominins:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In East Africa robust australopithecines are also called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecus garhi has been proposed as an ancestor for Homo mainly because it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans use their molars for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of Australopithecus afarensis was humanlike in having a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hominins have canines that are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest australopithecines first show up in the fossil record more than:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The adaptive radiation of the australopithecines after their split from the lineage that led to early Homo seems to have focused on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecus garhi may be the ancestor of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ardi's intermediate form of bipedality included the use of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine in South Africa.It had:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increased ability to see greater distances is one of the adaptations to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first recognizable ancestors of the lineage leading to humans include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A preaustralopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hominin is defined as having the following two obligate behaviors:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The distinguishing characteristics of ho...
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