Question 1

Neurons of the nucleus magnocellularis

Accepted Answer

A)   normally control muscle relaxation during REM sleep.
B)   are active during attacks of cataplexy.
C)   are the only cells of the caudal reticular formation that are not active during epileptic attacks.
D)   both A and B
E)   both B and CF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

Describe three major discoveries about circadian rhythms.Explain why these particular discoveries are so important?

Accepted Answer

75% for describing three impor...

Question 3

Clock is a circadian gene; it was discovered in

Accepted Answer

A)   mice.
B)   sunflowers.
C)   dogs.
D)   humans.
E)   monkeys.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Some antidepressant drugs can block __________ sleep for months at a time without having obvious related adverse effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some antidepressant drugs can block __________ sleep...

Question 5

Injections of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan,

Accepted Answer

A)   reverse the insomnia produced in cats or rats by the serotonin antagonist PCPA.
B)   reverse the sleep increases produced in mice by PCPA.
C)   are effective in the treatment of human insomnia.
D)   are effective in the treatment of hypersomnia
E)   reverse the increases in delta sleep produced in volunteers by sleep reduction.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

One of the most important features of sleep is that its efficiency increases in response to

Accepted Answer

A)   sleep reduction.
B)   cognitive overload.
C)   light.
D)   tricyclic antidepressants.
E)   stress.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Interest in the efficiency of polyphasic sleep was stimulated by stories of

Accepted Answer

A)   Leonardo da Vinci.
B)   Michelangelo.
C)   Titian.
D)   Hebb.
E)   Picasso.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

The finding that sleep becomes more efficient in people who regularly sleep less is a key finding because it indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)   sleep-deprivation studies can indicate how much sleep people need only if the volunteers who are being studied are efficient sleepers.
B)   sleep is a positive incentive.
C)   sleep can be made more efficient by reinforcements and punishments.
D)   only circadian theories can account for the negative effects of sleep deprivation.
E)   sleep can be conditioned.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Melatonin is synthesized from

Accepted Answer

A)   serotonin.
B)   acetylcholine.
C)   glutamate.
D)   GABA.
E)   dopamine.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

The stage of sleep EEG that follows the second bout of stage 2 sleep during a normal night's sleep is

Accepted Answer

A)   emergent stage 3.
B)   initial stage 1.
C)   emergent stage 1.
D)   emergent stage 2.
E)   stage 3.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Adaptation theories of sleep assume that we are programmed to sleep at night

Accepted Answer

A)   only if we expend energy during the day.
B)   only if we expend more energy than we consume during the day.
C)   only if we do not sleep during the day.
D)   regardless of what we do during the day.
E)   only if we eat three times per day.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

After an entire week of REM-sleep deprivation, about how many times in one night did volunteers have to be awakened to prevent them from experiencing bouts of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)   0
B)   5
C)   17
D)   25
E)   67F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

The association of REM sleep and dreaming was discovered in the early 1950s in the laboratory of

Accepted Answer

A)   Siegel.
B)   Kleitman.
C)   Mistlberger.
D)   Meddis.
E)   Freud.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 14

It is impossible for a human to stay awake longer than __________ hours without experiencing life-threatening physiological problems.

Accepted Answer

A)   24
B)   36
C)   48
D)   60
E)   none of the aboveF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

There are three classes of drugs that influence sleep: hypnotics, antihypnotics, and a third class that

Accepted Answer

A)   is derived from benzodiazepines.
B)   includes melatonin.
C)   comprises drugs that influence the circadian rhythmicity of sleep without increasing or decreasing it.
D)   all of the above
E)   both B and CF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

The following is a prediction of many recuperation theories of sleep:

Accepted Answer

A)   Long periods of wakefulness will produce physiological and behavioral disturbances.
B)   The disturbances produced by sleep deprivation will grow worse as the deprivation continues.
C)   After a period of sleep deprivation, most missed sleep will be regained.
D)   all of the above
E)   both A and CF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 17

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the

Accepted Answer

A)   the anterior hypothalamus promotes sleep.
B)   posterior hypothalamus promotes wakefulness.
C)   basal forebrain promotes REM sleep.
D)   basal forebrain inhibits REM sleep.
E)   both A and BF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

A large group of patients who sought treatment for insomnia were found in one study to sleep __________ hours per night.

Accepted Answer

A)   2.5
B)   3.5
C)   4.5
D)   5.5
E)   6.5F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

The cortical EEG of cerveau isolé cats is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)   almost continuous SWS.
B)   almost continuous REM sleep.
C)   alternating periods of SWS and REM sleep.
D)   alternating periods of sleep and wakefulness.
E)   the arousing effects of reticular formation damage.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

The pineal gland is located on the midline just below the posterior portion of the

Accepted Answer

A)   corpus callosum.
B)   hypothalamus.
C)   cerebellum.
D)   amygdala.
E)   hippocampus.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Exam 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms

Interest in the efficiency of polyphasic sleep was stimulated by stories of

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There are three classes of drugs that influence sleep: hypnotics, antihypnotics, and a third class that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neurons of the nucleus magnocellularis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stage of sleep EEG that follows the second bout of stage 2 sleep during a normal night's sleep is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After an entire week of REM-sleep deprivation, about how many times in one night did volunteers have to be awakened to prevent them from experiencing bouts of REM sleep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Melatonin is synthesized from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Injections of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clock is a circadian gene; it was discovered in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adaptation theories of sleep assume that we are programmed to sleep at night

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following is a prediction of many recuperation theories of sleep:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe three major discoveries about circadian rhythms.Explain why these particular discoveries are so important?

Correct Answerverified75% for describing three impor...View AnswerShow Answer

The cortical EEG of cerveau isolé cats is indicative of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of encephalitis lethargica suggested that the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the most important features of sleep is that its efficiency increases in response to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pineal gland is located on the midline just below the posterior portion of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The finding that sleep becomes more efficient in people who regularly sleep less is a key finding because it indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some antidepressant drugs can block __________ sleep for months at a time without having obvious related adverse effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The association of REM sleep and dreaming was discovered in the early 1950s in the laboratory of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is impossible for a human to stay awake longer than __________ hours without experiencing life-threatening physiological problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A large group of patients who sought treatment for insomnia were found in one study to sleep __________ hours per night.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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