Question 1

The variation of a trait that results from hereditary influence is called

Accepted Answer

A)  codominance.
B)  heritability.
C)  bionatural determinism.
D)  empathic concern.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

____ are genetic changes that result in new phenotypes that can be harmful or even fatal.

Accepted Answer

A)  Selective breedings
B)  Polygenic traits
C)  Adoption designs
D)  MutationsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Ethologists emphasize ____ among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  quickened speed; accuracy
B)  variations; consistencies
C)  experiential effects; biological maturation
D)  similarities; differencesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

In family studies of heritability, the portion of group variability that is NOT attributed to heritability is attributed instead to

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual's personal volition (intentions) .
B)  random unsystematic variations.
C)  unknown psychical forces.
D)  environmental influences.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Gottesman's range-of-reaction principle suggests that children with various degrees of genetic potential can reach the top limit of their reaction range by

Accepted Answer

A)  expanding their own genetic potential.
B)  experiencing a stimulating, enriched environment.
C)  removing any restrictions imposed by canalization.
D)  being informed that others suffer severe hardships.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

As fraternal twins mature from age three to 15, their IQ correlations tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  remain consistently near zero.
B)  remain stable and very high.
C)  increase.
D)  decrease.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Genes have all the following functions EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  guiding the differentiation of cells.
B)  controlling the pace and timing of development.
C)  producing specific amino acids for proteins.
D)  determining the content of what is learned.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Suppose that it is customary in Boogravia for parents of identical twins to treat them exactly alike: same diet, same clothes, same school, same parental attention, etc. On a measure of self-awareness, the correlation for identical twins reared together is strong: r = +0.99. The measure of nonshared environmental influences (NSE)  will be

Accepted Answer

A)  very low; NSE = +0.01.
B)  low: NSE = +0.10.
C)  moderate: NSE = +0.50.
D)  high: NSE = +0.80.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of children with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protruding tongue
B)  Short, stubby arms
C)  Round-shaped eyes
D)  Heart defectsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as ____ is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  WARMTH :: COLD
B)  ABRUPT :: GRADUAL
C)  PARENT :: OFFSPRING
D)  DEMOCRAT :: REPUBLICANE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Researchers now believe that the aspects of the environment that contribute most to the development of personality are

Accepted Answer

A)  family members.
B)  shared environmental influences.
C)  peers.
D)  nonshared environmental influences.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Children born with a noticeable genetic defect (e.g., harelip)  are changed by the defect and by the reactions of others who notice it. This is a(n)  ____ genotype/environment correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  active (niche-building) 
B)  recessive
C)  passive
D)  evocativeE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

For which chromosomal condition is the father's sperm always the source of the developmental defect?

Accepted Answer

A)  XYY supermale
B)  Down syndrome
C)  Turner's syndrome, XO
D)  Poly-X superfemaleE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Scarr and McCartney proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development. Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

Accepted Answer

Passive genotype/environment interaction...

Question 15

Generally, developmentalists have ____ the impact of the shared family home environment on children's personality development.

Accepted Answer

A)  ignored
B)  underestimated
C)  accurately judged
D)  overestimatedE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

For Huntington's disease,

Accepted Answer

A)  the genotype and phenotype are evident from birth.
B)  the genotype is present in the newborn, but the phenotype becomes evident at a later age.
C)  the newborn lacks either the genotype or the phenotype.
D)  the phenotype is present in the newborn but the genotype becomes evident at a later age.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why identical twins are likely to show a high similarity to one another, even when they are raised in different home environments.

Accepted Answer

Genotype/environment correlations refer ...

Question 18

The ____ prenatal diagnostic technique is especially suitable and safe for detecting multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.) .

Accepted Answer

A)  amniocentesis
B)  chorionic villus sampling
C)  ultrasound imaging
D)  pedigree analysisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

One's ____ develops most directly from inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A)  concordance rate
B)  genotype
C)  phenotype
D)  nonshared environmental influence (NS
E)  E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Proponents of modern evolutionary theory argue that preselected, adaptive motives and behaviors are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  ensure the survival and spread of the individual's genes.
B)  ensure the survival of the individual.
C)  ensure the formation of emotional ties to caregivers.
D)  encourage the learning of survival techniques.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Exam 2: Hereditary Influences on Development

CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as is to .

Correct Answer
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Scarr and McCartney proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development. Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

Correct Answer
verified
Passive genotype/environment interaction...
View Answer

Children born with a noticeable genetic defect (e.g., harelip) are changed by the defect and by the reactions of others who notice it. This is a(n) ____ genotype/environment correlation.

Correct Answer
verified

As fraternal twins mature from age three to 15, their IQ correlations tend to

Correct Answer
verified

In family studies of heritability, the portion of group variability that is NOT attributed to heritability is attributed instead to

Correct Answer
verified

The ____ prenatal diagnostic technique is especially suitable and safe for detecting multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.) .

Correct Answer
verified

____ are genetic changes that result in new phenotypes that can be harmful or even fatal.

Correct Answer
verified

Proponents of modern evolutionary theory argue that preselected, adaptive motives and behaviors are those that

Correct Answer
verified

For which chromosomal condition is the father's sperm always the source of the developmental defect?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers now believe that the aspects of the environment that contribute most to the development of personality are

Correct Answer
verified

For Huntington's disease,

Correct Answer
verified

The variation of a trait that results from hereditary influence is called

Correct Answer
verified

Ethologists emphasize among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize .

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of children with Down syndrome?

Correct Answer
verified

One's ____ develops most directly from inheritance.

Correct Answer
verified

Gottesman's range-of-reaction principle suggests that children with various degrees of genetic potential can reach the top limit of their reaction range by

Correct Answer
verified

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why identical twins are likely to show a high similarity to one another, even when they are raised in different home environments.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Genotype/environment correlations refer ...
View Answer

Genes have all the following functions EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Generally, developmentalists have ____ the impact of the shared family home environment on children's personality development.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Hereditary Influences on Development

CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as ____ is to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scarr and McCartney proposed three ways in which genotypes might influence the environments children experience, producing reciprocal effects on development. Define and give an example of each type of genotype/environment correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedPassive genotype/environment interaction...View AnswerShow Answer

Children born with a noticeable genetic defect (e.g., harelip) are changed by the defect and by the reactions of others who notice it. This is a(n) ____ genotype/environment correlation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As fraternal twins mature from age three to 15, their IQ correlations tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In family studies of heritability, the portion of group variability that is NOT attributed to heritability is attributed instead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ____ prenatal diagnostic technique is especially suitable and safe for detecting multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____ are genetic changes that result in new phenotypes that can be harmful or even fatal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proponents of modern evolutionary theory argue that preselected, adaptive motives and behaviors are those that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For which chromosomal condition is the father's sperm always the source of the developmental defect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers now believe that the aspects of the environment that contribute most to the development of personality are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For Huntington's disease,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The variation of a trait that results from hereditary influence is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethologists emphasize ____ among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is LEAST characteristic of children with Down syndrome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One's ____ develops most directly from inheritance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gottesman's range-of-reaction principle suggests that children with various degrees of genetic potential can reach the top limit of their reaction range by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use genotype/environment correlations to explain why identical twins are likely to show a high similarity to one another, even when they are raised in different home environments.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIGenotype/environment correlations refer ...View AnswerShow Answer

Genes have all the following functions EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Generally, developmentalists have ____ the impact of the shared family home environment on children's personality development.

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CRITICAL PERIOD is to SENSITIVE PERIOD as is to .

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Passive genotype/environment interaction...
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Ethologists emphasize among individuals' development, while behavioral learning theorists emphasize .

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Genotype/environment correlations refer ...
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