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According to Freud, depression ________


A) and grief are the same thing.
B) must be treated with introjection.
C) is a consequence of loss.
D) reflects fixation in the anal stage.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is a hormonal abnormality associated with both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression?


A) Decreased thyroid hormone levels
B) Increased thyroid hormone levels
C) Decreased cortisol levels
D) Increased cortisol levels

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A diagnosis of bipolar I disorder indicates that the person has met DSM-5 criteria for ________


A) an episode of mania.
B) an episode of mania or major depression.
C) an episode of hypomania and a major depression.
D) an episode of mania and psychosis.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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What is the most important characteristic used to distinguish persistent depressive disorder from major depression?


A) The length of time the person has had the symptoms
B) How severe the symptoms are
C) Whether there are occasional brief periods of normal moods during the disorder
D) The types of symptoms the person has

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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When a nondepressed student lives with a depressed roommate, which of the following often results?


A) Frequent verbal fights, which may even become physical
B) Increased rejection and hostility in the roommate who was not originally depressed
C) A decrease in depression in the depressed roommate
D) Increased caretaking by the nondepressed roommate, but only after the nondepressed roommate becomes depressed

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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What do all mood disorders have in common?


A) The presence of a negative mood state.
B) They are at least 6 months in duration.
C) The presence of irrational thoughts.
D) They are characterized by emotional extremes.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Many people who are depressed ________


A) show very little REM sleep, instead they spend large amounts of time in the deeper stages (3 and 4) of sleep.
B) do not enter REM sleep until much later in the night than normal and have smaller amounts of REM sleep throughout the night than normal.
C) enter REM sleep earlier than normal and have larger amounts of REM sleep early in the night.
D) enter REM sleep at a normal time, but have very slow and mild rapid eye movements and have less overall time in REM sleep than normal.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A rapid return of symptoms immediately after drug treatment is terminated is a common example of ________; a return to depressive symptoms after a period of spontaneous remission of symptoms is called a ________.


A) melancholia; recurrence
B) recurrence; relapse
C) relapse; recurrence
D) mood-congruent depression; mood-incongruent depression

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is a symptom of major depressive disorder?


A) Checking and rechecking things
B) Appetite and weight loss
C) Running thoughts
D) Impulsive spending

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Quentin is severely depressed and presents an immediate and serious suicide risk. In the past he has not responded to tricyclics. A wise course of action is to treat him with _________


A) Prozac because it can reduce symptoms in 12 to 24 hours.
B) electroconvulsive therapy because it can rapidly reduce symptoms.
C) lithium because suicide is almost always accompanied by manic episodes.
D) anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine and valproate because they can prevent future depressions.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Cross cultural studies have shown consistently that __________ is the country with the highest prevalence of mood disorders.

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Depressogenic schemas ________


A) are inherited.
B) predispose a person to develop depression.
C) serve a protective function and are readily modified by positive life experiences.
D) ensure that a low rate of reinforcement will be experienced.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Genetics plays a(n) _________ role in causing bipolar I disorder compared to unipolar disorders.

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Although bipolar I disorder is described as "bipolar," ________


A) a depressed episode is not necessary for a diagnosis.
B) few patients show both manic and depressed symptoms.
C) both depressed and manic symptoms typically occur simultaneously.
D) a year or two commonly passes between manic and depressed episodes.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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A major depressive disorder is diagnosed when __________ or more symptoms are present during the same two-week period.

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If Jamal is having a thought that could be an example of arbitrary inference. Which of the following would fit that description?


A) Life is so unfair.
B) If she won't go out with me, I'll die.
C) She looked at me funny. She hates me.
D) Why should I even try? She'll definitely reject me.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Jacob and Matt both flunk their math test. Jacob says to his friends that there is no point in his continuing in the course because, although Jacob feels highly about himself, he suspects that the teacher just doesn't like him. Matt says he is going to drop the course because he is just stupid in math. According to the reformulated learned helplessness theory, ________


A) Matt is more likely to become depressed than Jacob.
B) Matt is more likely to feel helpless than Jacob.
C) Jacob is more likely to become depressed than Matt.
D) Jacob is more likely to feel helpless than Matt.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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What is the difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder?

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A diagnosis of bipolar I is made when th...

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Distinguish between cyclothymic disorder, bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. How are these disorders alike and how are they different?

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Cyclothymia is best described as a less ...

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Which statement best describes the relationship between mood disorders and domestic distress?


A) Critical comments trigger negative affect in the spouse.
B) Women who are depressed avoid their partners.
C) Whenever there is a problem, it is caused by a man who, in a manic episode, is unaware of the nature of his behavior or even who he is attacking.
D) Men become violent as a way of protecting themselves when their wives, who suffer from depressive episodes, become impulsively aggressive.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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