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Optimists tend to avoid facing bad news.

A) True
B) False

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Briefly explain how the HPA axis system works.

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________ is the study of the relationships among psychology, the nervous and endocrine systems, and the immune system.


A) Sociocultural psychology
B) Psychodynamic psychology
C) Neurology
D) Psychoneuroimmunology

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The left hemisphere of the brain is where recognition of emotional expression primarily occurs.

A) True
B) False

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People with a Type A personality show very quick physiological responses to threat.

A) True
B) False

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The ________ is necessary to form a conditioned emotional response to a stimulus.


A) prefrontal cortex
B) right hemisphere
C) amygdala
D) sympathetic nervous system

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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________ is defined as an effort to modify reality by changing other people, the situation, or events.


A) Explanatory style
B) Locus of control
C) Primary control
D) Secondary control

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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A study of people with spinal-cord injuries found that two-thirds of them felt the disability had positive side effects.

A) True
B) False

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Proneness to anger is a significant risk factor for coronary heart disease.

A) True
B) False

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When people try to hide their feelings with an inauthentic expression, they use different groups of muscles than they do for authentic emotions.

A) True
B) False

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How has the relationship between emotion and thought been viewed over the last few centuries? What changes in this "either-or" thinking have occurred in recent years?

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Although many people in many cultures experience anger or sadness, it is ________ that determines when those emotions are experienced.


A) the brain
B) the cognitive appraisals associated with the emotion
C) the culture
D) the amygdala

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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People in most cultures feel angry in response to an insult, but they often disagree on how an insult is defined.

A) True
B) False

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A North American man would be likely to:


A) mask anger toward strangers.
B) try to appear unemotional.
C) smile to smooth over conflicts.
D) use highly expressive hand gestures.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Primary control is an effort to accept reality by changing your own attitude, goals, or emotions.

A) True
B) False

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An effective way to cope with stress is to give support to others rather than always being on the receiving end.

A) True
B) False

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Loneliness and worry can suppress the immune system and permit existing viruses, such as herpes, to erupt.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is true?


A) Massage is comforting, but physiological research shows that it has no impact on the immune system or stress hormones.
B) A low level of physical activities is associated with the development of many chronic diseases.
C) Progressive relaxation lowers blood pressure, lowers stress hormones and lowers feelings of anxiety and anger.
D) A low level of physical activities is associated with decreased life expectancy for both sexes.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Optimists are more likely than pessimists to do all of the following EXCEPT:


A) deny their problems.
B) use active problem solving.
C) take care of themselves.
D) get support from friends.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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A person with damage to the left prefrontal cortex may lose the capacity for joy.

A) True
B) False

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