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A) the Germans.
B) the Americans.
C) the British.
D) the Russians.
E) the Italians.
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A) a deadly stalemate on the western front as a result of the failure of German war plans.
B) Italy's decision to switch sides to the German-Austrian alliance.
C) the collapse of German armies on the Russian front.
D) Serbia's rapid advance into Austria-Hungary.
E) the Ottoman Empire's decision to join the Triple Entente.
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A) serving as support troops behind the front line trenches.
B) gaining equal industrial wages with men by the end of the war.
C) achieving permanent job security in the once male-dominated workplace.
D) all work areas except the textile industry.
E) gaining women the right to vote immediately following the war.
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Multiple Choice
A) Emperor William II of Germany.
B) Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
C) Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.
D) General Paul von Hindenburg.
E) Queen Victoria of Great Britain.
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Multiple Choice
A) an uprising of Catholic peasants in Bavaria.
B) the assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo.
C) the German invasion of Poland.
D) the German naval blockage of Britain.
E) the French occupation of the Ruhr.
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A) quick advances and seizures of enemy trenches.
B) fewer casualties due to thick fortifications.
C) long periods of boredom broken by artillery barrages and frontal assaults by enemy troops.
D) high morale and assurance of victory among the troops, whose use of modern weapons reduced casualty rates.
E) fraternization between the opposing armies.
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Multiple Choice
A) workers' strikes became less frequent as they were brutally repressed.
B) the liberal French government under Clemenceau found it impossible to end internal dissent.
C) propaganda posters and weapons became less important.
D) police powers were expanded to include the arrest of all dissenters as traitors to the state.
E) politicians attempted to end the war short of total victory.
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Multiple Choice
A) factory owners and businessmen ruined by wartime inflation.
B) liberals and socialists appalled by the scale of human slaughter.
C) government ministers terrified of losing complete control over armies and the civilian populations being fed into the military.
D) ethnic minorities and women convinced that they would lose newly won rights as the war progressed, leading to increased repressive government policies.
E) the lower classes who were drafted or conscripted into the armies and fought in the trenches.
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True/False
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True/False
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True/False
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A) the German invasion of Belgium.
B) a desire to plunder on the continent.
C) the desire to maintain world power.
D) fear of German intentions in France.
E) anxiety concerning a possible German invasion of Britain.
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Multiple Choice
A) Lenin accelerated the war effort against Germany.
B) Lenin returned the control of factories to their rightful owners.
C) Lenin ratified the redistribution of land which had already been seized by peasants.
D) Lenin successfully managed to reestablish the Duma under socialist control.
E) Lenin confiscated all the agricultural land in Russia, forcing the peasants into large collective farms.
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A) Japan.
B) Australia.
C) New Zealand.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these are correct.
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A) forgive the war loans to England and France.
B) renounce the Versailles Treaty that Wilson had negotiated.
C) join and actively participate in the League of Nations.
D) embark on a program of conscription.
E) form a military alliance with England, France, and Russia.
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A) The hopes of conservative leaders to crush internal democratic movements through war.
B) The adoption by European generals of new military policies.
C) The belief of European states that they had to uphold the power of their allies for their own internal security.
D) The downward spiral of European economies.
E) The dismantling of Europe's overseas empires.
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