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Double dissociations in memory are important because they


A) provide strong evidence for separate memory systems.
B) remain unchallenged by contemporary standards.
C) provided early evidence of the extent of H.M.'s amnesia.
D) suggest that damage to any area of the brain will impact all memory functioning.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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According to the textbook chapter,what would be the most accurate way to describe the subjective feeling of familiarity?


A) a feeling directly triggered by a stimulus that had been encountered at some point in the past
B) a conclusion you draw about a stimulus,usually in explaining an unexpected level of processing fluency
C) an effortful and erroneous process
D) a retrieval strategy

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Two groups of participants were asked to learn a series of word pairs and were then given a memory test.Both groups were told to remember the second word in each pair and use the first only as an aid to remember the targets.For Group A,the first word was semantically associated with the target word (e.g. ,dark-light) .For Group B,the first word rhymed with the target word (e.g. ,sight-light) .Then,each group was given hints during the memory test.Some of these hints were related to meaning (e.g. ,"Was there a word associated with 'dark'?") ;some were related to sound (e.g. ,"Was there a word associated with 'sight'?") .Which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Overall,participants in Group A recalled more words than those in Group B.
B) Participants in Group A performed better when given a meaning hint than when given a sound hint.
C) Participants in Group B performed better when given a sound hint than when given a meaning hint.
D) Participants in Group B performed better when given a meaning hint than when given a sound hint.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Weston is initially unsure how to answer the question "What is the capital of Wisconsin?" When provided with the hint "It's a girl's name," Weston quickly recalls that the capital is Madison.Which of the following best explains this?


A) There was a strong flow of activation from the Wisconsin nodes to the Madison nodes.
B) There was no connection between the Wisconsin nodes and the Madison nodes.
C) The Madison node was activated once it received activation from both the Wisconsin and the girl's names nodes.
D) There was a strong connection between the girl's names nodes and the Madison nodes.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Argue in favor of or against the statement "Familiarity might be best classified as a conclusion you draw,rather than a feeling." Back up your thesis by including relevant empirical evidence.

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Familiarity can be best classified as a ...

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If you perceive a stimulus and then later perceive the same stimulus again,you are likely to perceive the stimulus more quickly and more easily the second time.This benefit can be described as a(n)


A) context-dependent memory.
B) explicit memory.
C) increase in processing fluency.
D) recognition memory.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Establishing a memory connection


A) may be of little value if later the connection is not the one you need.
B) seems to "cement" a memory in place.
C) can occur only for emotional memories.
D) encourages intrusion errors,so you should avoid creating these connections.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is most like an example of the influence of implicit memory?


A) Alejandro was taking a true-false test.He didn't know the answer to Question 12,so he skipped it.
B) Benji was taking a true-false test.He could not remember the answer to Question 12,but he did his best to reconstruct what the answer might be.
C) Dave was taking a true-false test.Not only did Dave remember the answer to Question 12,he also remembered where the answer appeared on the textbook page.
D) Markus was taking a multiple-choice test.He was having a hard time with Question 17,but Option D for that question seemed familiar,so he decided that D must be the correct answer.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements regarding explicit memory is FALSE?


A) Explicit memory is typically revealed as a priming effect.
B) Explicit memory is usually assessed by direct,rather than indirect,testing.
C) Explicit memory is usually revealed by specifically asking someone to remember the past.
D) Explicit memory is often tested by recall testing or by a standard recognition test.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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H.M.had much of his hippocampus removed to alleviate seizures.An unfortunate side effect was impaired explicit memory,even though later testing revealed that his implicit memory was spared.This result provides one half of a double dissociation.In order to complete the double dissociation,which of the following patients would need to be found?


A) a patient with intact implicit memory and intact explicit memory
B) a patient with an intact hippocampus and explicit memory deficits
C) a patient with intact explicit memory and impaired implicit memory
D) a patient with explicit memory intact and a damaged hippocampus

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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In one study,participants first learn a list of words.Then,in a memory test,participants are asked whether each word was on the earlier list and also whether they "remember" seeing each word or just "know" each was on the list.While participants are making these "remember/know" judgments,an fMRI scan records their brain activity.The results indicate that


A) "remember" responses are associated with activity in the rhinal cortex at learning.
B) "know" responses are associated with activity in the hippocampus during learning.
C) "remember" responses are associated with activity in the hippocampal region during learning.
D) "know" responses are associated with anterior parahippocampus activity at learning.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Theories of spreading activation assume that activating one node will lead to


A) activation of nodes selected by the central executive.
B) activation of all nodes connected to the one that was activated at first.
C) a subset of connected nodes being activated.
D) unconnected nodes being suppressed.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Geraldo,a lawyer,has read about a case (Jones v.Arizona) that he thinks will help one of his clients.Geraldo wants to make sure that he remembers to discuss the case with his client,and also wants to remember to bring up the case in his opening statement in court.His best approach is likely to be to


A) repeat to himself,over and over again,"Don't forget Jones v.Arizona."
B) reread the summary of the case several times.
C) build multiple retrieval paths between the new case and the situations in which he wishes to use it.
D) put the case book containing Jones v.Arizona on his desk with all of the other books and hope he finds it when his client arrives and when he writes his opening statement.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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In an experiment,participants learned materials in Room A and were tested in Room B.If they were asked to think about Room A just before taking the test,participants


A) performed as well as they would have done had there been no room change.
B) performed worse on the test due to dual-task memory disruption.
C) performed the same as those participants who were not asked to think about Room A.
D) performed worse on the test because this distracting instruction interfered with memory rehearsal.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Participants are asked to memorize a list of words.In addition to the words themselves,participants will remember some aspects of the context in which the words appeared.This tendency to remember a stimulus within its context is referred to as


A) background learning.
B) multiple encoding.
C) implicit memory.
D) encoding specificity.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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A friend of yours has recently grown a beard.When you encounter him,you realize at once that something about his face has changed,but you are not certain what has changed.We can conclude from this that


A) you detected the decrease in fluency in your recognition of your friend's face.
B) your memory of your friend's face is influenced by context-dependent learning.
C) you are displaying an instance of source amnesia.
D) you are being influenced by the fact that there are fewer men with beards than men without beards.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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Abigail saw the stimulus "cla--" and was asked to think of a word that began with these letters.This task is called


A) a lexical decision.
B) word-stem completion.
C) semantic priming.
D) explicit memory.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A participant is asked,"In the list of words I showed you earlier,was there a word that rhymed with 'lake'?" The participant is likely to be well prepared for this sort of memory test if he or she


A) used maintenance rehearsal when trying to memorize the words.
B) paid attention to the sounds of the words when trying to memorize them.
C) paid attention to the appearance of the words when trying to memorize them.
D) relied on perceptual fluency when studying the words.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Participants are asked to memorize a list of words.The eighth word on the list is "inches," the ninth word is "meters," and the tenth word is "feet." In which of the following situations would the participants be most likely to remember the previous exposure to "feet"?


A) In the memory test,the fourth word tested is "yards," and the fifth is "feet."
B) In the memory test,the fourth word tested is "heat," and the fifth is "feet."
C) In the memory test,the fourth word tested is "hands," and the fifth is "feet."
D) In the memory test,the fourth word tested is "fight," and the fifth is "feet."

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The famous patient H.M.was unable to remember events he experienced after his brain surgery.The surgery apparently produced


A) repression.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) retrograde amnesia.
D) infantile amnesia.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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