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Most animals in the epipelagic are omnivores.This means that they eat:


A) Producers and consumers.
B) Part of the neuston.
C) Zooplankton only.
D) Detritus.
E) Phytoplankton only.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Viruses are classified as:


A) Femtoplankton.
B) Picoplankton.
C) Nanoplankton.
D) Mesoplankton.
E) Macroplankton.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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External input of organic matter is not likely to be important in the:


A) Epipelagic zone.
B) Hadal zone.
C) Bathyal zone.
D) Abyssal zone.
E) Supralittoral zone.

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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The fall bloom in temperate waters is caused when:


A) Primary production decreases as nutrients increase.
B) Primary production decreases due to light limitation.
C) Primary production decreases as nutrients decrease.
D) Primary production increases as nutrients increase.
E) Primary production increases as the number of nekton increases.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following accounts for about 50 percent of the primary production in epipelagic waters?


A) Diatoms
B) Cyanobacteria
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Coccolithophorids
E) Silicoflagellates

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is the second most important nutrient for oceanic primary production as indicated by the graphs?


A) Phosphate
B) Carbonate
C) Calcium
D) Sulfate
E) Hydroxide

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The neuston consist of animals that:


A) Swim against currents.
B) Sink to the bottom portion of the water column.
C) Are top carnivores in the pelagic realm.
D) Spend their entire lives in the plankton.
E) Float on the surface without protruding above the water surface.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following are the predominate organisms responsible for the so-called "red tides" especially those which are toxic?


A) Meroplankton
B) Dinoflagellates
C) Copepods
D) Chaetognaths

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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All of the following are adaptations by the planktonic organisms for floatation except which one:


A) Spines.
B) Small size with a large surface area.
C) Decrease in drag.
D) Flattened shapes.
E) Acclumulation of lipids.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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In order to be more streamlined for constant swimming most epipelagic fish have a tail that is:


A) Short and wide.
B) Short and narrow.
C) Short and thin.
D) High and wide.
E) High and narrow.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of these would be part of the meroplankton?


A) Viruses
B) bacteria
C) Diatoms
D) Copepods
E) Fish larvae

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Equatorial upwelling occurs as a result of:


A) Temperature changes at the Equator.
B) The divergence of equatorial surface currents.
C) The convergence of equatorial surface currents.
D) Winds causing the Ekman transport of surface water offshore.
E) El Nino conditions north and south of the Equator.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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