Question 1

A school administrator wants to examine the effect of student lockers on class tardiness.He compares tardiness records of a school with no lockers to a school with lockers.What type of design is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Non-equivalent control group
B)   One-group pretest-posttest
C)   Posttest only
D)   Pretest onlyE) A) and C)
F) C) and D) A

Question 2

A researcher wants to test the effect of alcohol on driving performance.Participants first drive through an obstacle course before drinking any alcohol.The participants then drink 8 ounces of alcohol and drive the course again.After each trial,the number of traffic cones hit is recorded.Surprisingly,the researcher finds that the number of traffic cones hit is greater before rather than after the participant drank the alcohol.What may best account for the change in performance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Maturation
B)   History
C)   Testing effect
D)   Instrument decayE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

To examine how a reward influences a desired behaviour,a mother first counts the number of times her son makes his bed over a two-week period.For the next two weeks,she gives him a reward every time he makes his bed.Following this period,she stops giving him a reward and again counts the number of times he makes his bed.This procedure would be an example of a(n) _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)   pretest-posttest
B)   baseline treatment
C)   control series
D)   ABAE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

A quasi-experimental design attempts to

Accepted Answer

A)   approximate the control features of true experiments.
B)   create natural conditions in the laboratory.
C)   control all extraneous variables after subjects have been randomly assigned.
D)   measure changes in the manipulated variable.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Regression toward the mean refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)   extreme scores tend to change toward the less extreme mean.
B)   statistics are a useful tool for researchers.
C)   multiple dependent variables often correlate with each other.
D)   later scores are usually similar to earlier scores.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Single case experiments were developed from a need to

Accepted Answer

A)   have a design that examines a measurement at only one point in time.
B)   measure only a single dependent variable.
C)   determine whether a manipulation had an effect on a single research participant.
D)   reduce the cost of research.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Causal inference in quasi-experimental designs is _____ difficult than in true experiments because quasi-experimental designs _____ the important features of true designs.

Accepted Answer

A)   less;have more of
B)   more;lack
C)   more;have more of
D)   less;lackE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

I assess your attitude toward marijuana,present you with a persuasive communication favouring liberalization of marijuana laws,and then reassess your attitude toward the drug.However,between assessment 1 and assessment 2,the President also advocates liberalization of marijuana laws.If I don't use a control group,any differences I observe are suspect on the grounds of

Accepted Answer

A)   maturation.
B)   history.
C)   regression toward the mean.
D)   testing.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3,6,and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9,12,and 15 years old.The researcher has used the ______ method.

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal
B)   sequential
C)   cross-sectional
D)   panel studyE) A) and C)
F) All of the above B

Question 10

Researchers have developed systematic approaches to evaluation research when there are restraints of time,budget,and data collection.These approaches are referred to as _____ evaluation.

Accepted Answer

A)   control series
B)   shoestring
C)   program
D)   single subjectE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

An advantage of the ABAB reversal design over the ABA design is that it

Accepted Answer

A)   is less expensive.
B)   allows for fewer alternative explanations for the results.
C)   should be used in clinical research.
D)   takes less time and fewer resources.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

From an ethical viewpoint,the ABAB design is preferred over the ABA design because

Accepted Answer

A)   the ABAB design more powerfully rules out chance fluctuations.
B)   the ABAB design is less expensive.
C)   the ABAB design shows the reversibility of a treatment.
D)   it does not seem right to end the design with the withdrawal of a treatment that may be beneficial to the participant.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Which one of the following is NOT a type of program evaluation research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Needs assessment
B)   Process evaluation
C)   Outcome evaluation
D)   Participant evaluationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Which is the more common method,longitudinal or cross-sectional?

Accepted Answer

A)   Longitudinal because it is less expensive.
B)   Cross-sectional because it is less expensive.
C)   Longitudinal because the results are obtained relatively quickly.
D)   Cross-sectional because the results are obtained over longer periods of time.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B) B

Question 15

Which one of the following is a reversal design?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pretest-posttest design
B)   Interrupted time series design
C)   ABAB design
D)   Multiple baselines designE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

The question "Do single income families have child-care problems different than dual income families?" would be asked in which phase of program evaluation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Needs assessment
B)   Program theory assessment
C)   Outcome evaluation
D)   Efficiency assessmentE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Any event that occurs between the first and second measurement period but is not part of the manipulation is referred to as a _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)   history
B)   maturation
C)   testing
D)   regression toward the meanE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

The use of existing natural groups of participants often results in

Accepted Answer

A)   non-equivalent groups.
B)   equivalent groups.
C)   many independent variables.
D)   equal numbers of males and females.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

A researcher records the number of motorcycle fatalities before and after the implementation of a mandatory helmet law.During the same period,she compares this number to the number of motorcycle fatalities of three states that do not have a mandatory helmet law.This research design would be an example of a(n) _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)   true experiment
B)   single case
C)   interrupted time series
D)   control seriesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

You go to several elementary schools where you test students who are in the first grade,third grade,and sixth grade to examine the effect of age on a reasoning ability task.You have used the ________ method.

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal
B)   sequential
C)   cross-sectional
D)   time analysisE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Exam 11: Research Designs for Special Circumstances

A school administrator wants to examine the effect of student lockers on class tardiness.He compares tardiness records of a school with no lockers to a school with lockers.What type of design is this?

Correct Answer
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A

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A quasi-experimental design attempts to

Correct Answer
verified

Regression toward the mean refers to the fact that

Correct Answer
verified

Single case experiments were developed from a need to

Correct Answer
verified

Causal inference in quasi-experimental designs is _ difficult than in true experiments because quasi-experimental designs _ the important features of true designs.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3,6,and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9,12,and 15 years old.The researcher has used the ______ method.

Correct Answer
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B

Researchers have developed systematic approaches to evaluation research when there are restraints of time,budget,and data collection.These approaches are referred to as _____ evaluation.

Correct Answer
verified

An advantage of the ABAB reversal design over the ABA design is that it

Correct Answer
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From an ethical viewpoint,the ABAB design is preferred over the ABA design because

Correct Answer
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Which one of the following is NOT a type of program evaluation research?

Correct Answer
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Which is the more common method,longitudinal or cross-sectional?

Correct Answer
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B

Which one of the following is a reversal design?

Correct Answer
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The question "Do single income families have child-care problems different than dual income families?" would be asked in which phase of program evaluation?

Correct Answer
verified

Any event that occurs between the first and second measurement period but is not part of the manipulation is referred to as a _____ effect.

Correct Answer
verified

The use of existing natural groups of participants often results in

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

You go to several elementary schools where you test students who are in the first grade,third grade,and sixth grade to examine the effect of age on a reasoning ability task.You have used the ________ method.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: Research Designs for Special Circumstances

A school administrator wants to examine the effect of student lockers on class tardiness.He compares tardiness records of a school with no lockers to a school with lockers.What type of design is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A quasi-experimental design attempts to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regression toward the mean refers to the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Single case experiments were developed from a need to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Causal inference in quasi-experimental designs is _____ difficult than in true experiments because quasi-experimental designs _____ the important features of true designs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3,6,and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9,12,and 15 years old.The researcher has used the ______ method.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Researchers have developed systematic approaches to evaluation research when there are restraints of time,budget,and data collection.These approaches are referred to as _____ evaluation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of the ABAB reversal design over the ABA design is that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From an ethical viewpoint,the ABAB design is preferred over the ABA design because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is NOT a type of program evaluation research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the more common method,longitudinal or cross-sectional?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which one of the following is a reversal design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The question "Do single income families have child-care problems different than dual income families?" would be asked in which phase of program evaluation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any event that occurs between the first and second measurement period but is not part of the manipulation is referred to as a _____ effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of existing natural groups of participants often results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You go to several elementary schools where you test students who are in the first grade,third grade,and sixth grade to examine the effect of age on a reasoning ability task.You have used the ________ method.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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A

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Causal inference in quasi-experimental designs is _ difficult than in true experiments because quasi-experimental designs _ the important features of true designs.

Correct Answer
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B

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B

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