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When a new product or a new retail chain steals customers and sales from the organization's older products and retail outlets, it is referred to as


A) cannibalization.
B) amortization.
C) product appropriation.
D) product pilfering.
E) marketing Darwinism.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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The State of Alabama Board of Tourism ran a series of ads showing traditional families enjoying various attractions in the state. Since the apparent target of these ads is the traditional family, it appears that the State of Alabama Board of Tourism has segmented the market using __________ variables.


A) demographic
B) regional
C) socioeconomic
D) geographic
E) psychographic

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The process of segmenting a market and selecting specific segments as targets is the link between the various buyers' or market needs and


A) industry standards.
B) government regulations.
C) top-level management.
D) controllable environmental factors.
E) the organization's marketing program.

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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When considering the quick-service restaurant competition, it will be most important for Wendy's to consider not only the offerings of Burger King, McDonald's, Five Guys, and other hamburger chains but also the


A) meals at golf and country clubs.
B) dormitory meal plans at surrounding colleges and universities.
C) items for sale at gas stations and convenience stores.
D) local farmer's markets that sell produce.
E) nearly every food item sold at local grocery stores.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Head-to-head positioning requires a product to


A) compete with products from competitors of the same size and country of origin.
B) compete with competitors on similar product attributes but in a different market.
C) compete with competitors on similar product attributes in the same market.
D) compete against very similar products from its own company.
E) compete against a single competitor with an identical offering.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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C

Personality and lifestyle are both variables used to employ __________ segmentation.


A) geographic
B) behavioral
C) attitudinal
D) psychographic
E) demographic

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Alamo, a car rental firm, targets 50 percent of its advertising to salespeople who rent a car over 40 weeks per year. Alamo likely segments its market by


A) usage rate.
B) benefits offered.
C) demographics.
D) geography.
E) lifestyle.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The fifth step in segmenting and targeting markets that links customer needs to marketing actions is to


A) take marketing actions to reach target markets.
B) group potential buyers into segments.
C) select target markets.
D) group products to be sold into categories.
E) develop a market-product grid and estimate size of the overall market.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following is a consumer market demographic segmentation variable?


A) personality
B) gender
C) usage rate
D) needs
E) region

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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The William Morris Agency represents country singer Trace Adkins in negotiations with various venues in which he could perform. Imagine that the agency decided the singer would not perform at venues located in communities that have less than 100,000 people. Thus, the agency is using __________ segmentation.


A) entertainment
B) psychographic
C) geographic
D) usage rate
E) behavioral

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Mott's used an advertising campaign to change the way consumers thought about its applesauce from a dinnertime side dish to a replacement for cooking oil in baking. The advertising message was that using applesauce in baking cuts calories and makes the resulting baked good healthier. Mott's used a __________ strategy.


A) product repositioning
B) perceptual mapping
C) product positioning
D) product differentiation
E) psychographic

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Campbell Soup Co. found that its canned nacho cheese sauce, which could be heated and poured directly onto nacho chips, was too spicy for Americans in the East and not spicy enough for those in the West and Southwest. Today, Campbell's plants in Texas and California produce a spicier nacho cheese sauce than what is produced in the other plants. Campbell's is using __________ segmentation.


A) demographic
B) behavioral
C) economic
D) geographic
E) psychographic

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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A market-product grid is a framework to relate the __________ to products offered or potential marketing actions by an organization.


A) market segments of potential buyers
B) marketing objectives of potential products
C) total anticipated revenue
D) total anticipated profit
E) market share of the closest competitor

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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The purpose of the five key steps in segmenting and targeting markets is to


A) identify competitors that provide similar products that satisfy a firm's customers' needs.
B) provide guidance to reposition a firm's products.
C) generate new-product ideas for firms that are not growing in market share.
D) link market needs of customers to the organization's marketing program.
E) correlate directly to each of the five environmental forces.

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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If Wendy's customers are buying an eating experience, which of the following rationales would make the most sense if you were to group the products Wendy's sells?


A) grouping by caloric intake
B) grouping by price
C) grouping by meal occasion
D) grouping by usage rate
E) grouping by level of uniqueness

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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One approach to positioning a new product in a market is __________ positioning, which involves competing directly with competitors on similar product attributes in the same target market.


A) perceptual
B) head-to-head
C) psychological
D) differentiation
E) market

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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The axes on a perceptual map are


A) sales and profitability.
B) two product attributes, ranging from high to low on that attribute.
C) market share and market growth rate.
D) product variety and profitability.
E) customer perceptions of the firm's product versus the brand of the firm's principal competitor.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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B

Kellogg's has several cereals targeted at different types of users. This is an example of multiple products aimed at multiple markets. Manufacturing these different cereals is clearly more expensive than producing one, but seems worthwhile if it meets customers' needs better, doesn't reduce quality or increase price, and


A) conforms to all FDA guidelines.
B) adds to the manufacturer's sales revenues and profits.
C) creates economy of scale.
D) decreases the cost of the physical plant.
E) stabilizes the sales revenues and profits.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Chip-N-Dough Cookie Co. will let you select cookies and put a photo of yourself on the tin. This is an example of


A) mass customization.
B) multiple marketing.
C) target marketing.
D) product clustering.
E) repositioning.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Todd Harris and Associates, a New York sales promotion agency, discovered from an analysis of its files that one-quarter (or 25 percent) of its clients generated more than three-quarters (or 75 percent) of its fees and commissions. This is an example of what classic concept?


A) the two quarter gap
B) the 80/20 rule
C) the law of usage
D) the 75/25 exchange
E) Paul's Law

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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B

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