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Exam 6: Sampling: Theory and Methods

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Question 21

True/False

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The central limit theorem (CLT) describes the theoretical characteristics of a sample population.

A) True
B) False

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Question 22

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Which of the following statements is true of the sample size for nonprobability samples?

A) The sample size formula must be adjusted for confidence level before it can be used for nonprobability samples.
B) The sample size formula must be adjusted for error tolerance before it can be used for nonprobability samples.
C) The sample size formula must be adjusted for population variance before it can be used for nonprobability samples.
D) Determining the sample size for nonprobability samples requires a researcher to make statistical inferences about the true population parameters.
E) Determining the sample size for nonprobability samples is usually a subjective, intuitive judgment made by a researcher.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Question 23

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If the estimated population standard deviation based on previous studies is 20 percent, the acceptable error is plus or minus 5 percent, and the z-value for a 95 percent level of confidence is 1.96, the needed sample size is approximately:

Sarah, a researcher, does not have the resources or time to use a probability sampling method. However, she wants to make sure that all ethnicities are fairly represented in her sample. In this scenario, Sarah is most likely to use _____.

List the advantages and disadvantages of simple random sampling.

For a given level of precision and confidence level, a researcher determines that he needs a sample size of 400. The study found that the proportion of people who smoke is 30 percent. For the same level of precision and confidence, he would need the same sample size if the proportion of those who smoke were to change to:

A college professor wants to know if the university students in the Unites States will find the new textbook that he has authored to be interesting and useful. He chooses all marketing majors at the school he teaches as his sample. He believes that this group of students will be representative of the university student population in the United States. In this scenario, the professor is most likely using:

In optimal allocation sampling, the necessary sample size of each stratum is determined based:

Compared to sampling, it is less time-consuming and less expensive to conduct a census.

Multisource sampling is used when a single source generates a large or low incidence sample.

In the context of systematic sampling method, hidden patterns represent populations that researchers may be interested in studying, but often are hard to reach.

Sampling errors are related to the accuracy of data, whereas nonsampling errors relate to the representativeness of a sample to a defined target population.

In the context of the factors that play an important role in determining sample sizes with probability designs, the higher the level of confidence desired, the smaller the sample size needed.

The difference between probability sampling and nonprobability sampling is that in nonprobability sampling:

A population is an identifiable group of elements of interest to a researcher and pertinent to the information problem.

Referral sampling involves identifying a set of respondents who can help a researcher identify additional people to include in a study.

Spectrum Inc., an automobile manufacturer, is interested in measuring the customer satisfaction of car owners. It decides to collect data from new purchasers of Spectrum cars. In this scenario, the new purchasers of Spectrum cars represent a(n) _____.

List some of the steps a researcher can take once he understands the basics of the central limit theorem.

List the steps to be followed in developing a sampling plan.

If the estimated population proportion is 30 percent based on previous studies, the acceptable error is plus or minus 5 percent, and the z-value for a 95 percent level of confidence is 1.96, the needed sample size is approximately: